“…Generally, most scholars selected relevant influencing factors to quantitatively analyze their effects on land-use changes from the dimensions of nature, economy, and policy (Huang et al, 2021). Then, these scholars used quantitative models, such as GeoDetector (Ju et al, 2016;Zhou, Li, & Liu, 2020), binary logistic regression (Chen et al, 2021;Shu et al, 2014), and geographically weighted regression/geographically and temporally weighted regression (Cai et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2021), to quantitatively illustrate how these physical, socio-economic, and institutional factors affect urban expansion (Zhao et al, 2018), cropland changes (Zhou, Li, & Liu, 2020), and changes in other natural resource elements (Nie et al, 2021). However, the complex interactions among drivers at different spatial and temporal scales are the greatest challenge for understanding land-use changes (Shao et al, 2006).…”