The Expansion and Convergence of Compulsory Schooling in Western Europe, 1950-2000

Murtin, Fabrice; Viarengo, Martina

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00840.x

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Duflo [10]). Interestingly, there is evidence of diminishing returns to education in one country over a long period of time (the US between 1940 and 1980, see Murtin and Viarengo [22]). At the cross-country level, the negative correlation between Mincer returns to education and average years of schooling that is reported in Psacharopoulos and Patrinos [25] can be seen as a direct consequence of diminishing returns to schooling.…”

Section: Defining Human Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kuznets curve of human capital inequality: 1870–2010

Morrisson¹,

Murtin

2012

J Econ Inequal

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This paper describes the long-term global trends in education inequality since 1870. Inequality in years of schooling is shown to have mechanically decreased along with the decline in the share of illiterate people. In search of a monetary equivalent of years of schooling, we turn to Mincer (1974) human capital ineq uality. Within countries, we find evidence of an inverted U-shape curve for human capital inequality over time, namely a Kuznets curve for human capital. At the global level, the world inequality in human capital has followed a similar trajectory, first increasing from 1870 to 1970, then decreasing.

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Section: Defining Human Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kuznets curve of human capital inequality: 1870–2010

Morrisson¹,

Murtin

2012

J Econ Inequal

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“…The reform in 1973 change raised it to 10 years and affected all cohorts born September 1957 or later. Sources: Clark and Royer (2010); Harmon and Walker (1995); Micklewright et al (1989); Murtin and Viarengo (2011).…”

Section: England and Wales (1947 And 1973) And Scotland (1946 And 1976)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children must now attend school full time from the age of five for at least 12 full school years and, in any event, until the end of the school year in which they turn 16. Sources: European Commission (2011); Levin and Plug (1999); Murtin and Viarengo (2011);Osterbeek and Webbink (2004).…”

Section: Netherlands (1928 1950 and 1973)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsory schooling reforms, education and mortality in twentieth century Europe

Gathmann

Jürges

Reinhold

2015

Social Science & Medicine

134

118

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Education yields substantial non-monetary benefits, but the size of these gains is still debated. Previous studies, for example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality -ranging from zero to large mortality reductions. Using data from 19 compulsory schooling reforms implemented in Europe during the twentieth century, we quantify the mean mortality effect and explore its dispersion across gender, time and countries. We find that men benefit from compulsory education both in the shorter and longer run. In contrast, compulsory schooling reforms have little or no effect on mortality for women.

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“…Compulsory education has increased in most European countries after the Second World War (Murtin and Viarengo, 2008). Our findings suggest that among the individuals induced by these reforms to attain higher education only those with enough books at home have been able to reap significant private economic returns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Books are Forever: Early Life Conditions, Education and Lifetime Earnings in Europe

2012

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. We estimate the effect of education on lifetime income in Europe, by distinguishing between individuals who lived in rural or urban areas during childhood and between individuals who had access to many or few books at age ten. We instrument years of education using reforms of compulsory education in nine different countries, and find that individuals in rural areas were most affected by the reforms. Among those affected, individuals with many books at home at age ten enjoyed substantially higher returns to their additional education. We argue that the long -lasting beneficial effects of having books at home are due to the cultural environment in the household and the development of cognitive skills rather than to the presence of short -term liquidity constraints. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor mayJEL Code: J24

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The Expansion and Convergence of Compulsory Schooling in Western Europe, 1950-2000

Cited by 75 publications

References 46 publications

The Kuznets curve of human capital inequality: 1870–2010

The Kuznets curve of human capital inequality: 1870–2010

Compulsory schooling reforms, education and mortality in twentieth century Europe

Books are Forever: Early Life Conditions, Education and Lifetime Earnings in Europe

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