The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy

Hemmingsen, Lisa Myrseth; Škalko‐Basnet, Nataša; Jøraholmen, May Wenche

doi:10.3390/md19120697

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 365 publications

(570 reference statements)

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“…Although it is known that chitosan has intrinsic antimicrobial effects, the exact mechanisms of actions of chitosan are not yet established [18,19]. It is proposed that chitosan interacts with the negatively charged microbial cell membranes and causes disruption of the membrane and a leakage of intracellular constituents.…”

Section: Tissue Viability Based On Cell Membrane Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan is also a material of natural origin that is gaining a lot of attention due to its many benefits as a constituent or as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical formulations [18]. Considering vaginal administration, chitosan is among the most promising materials due to its mucoadhesiveness, intrinsic antimicrobial properties, stability, and low toxicity [19]. In current study, we utilized chitosan as a building block in hydrogel, acting as a secondary vehicle to the RES-containing liposomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, its ability to disrupt bacterial biofilms is a great benefit when targeting vaginal bacterial infection and inflammation [21]. Based on these qualities, particularly the mucoadhesive and antimicrobial properties [19], chitosan was chosen as a suitable polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginalTM Tissue Model

et al. 2022

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The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RES) has shown great potential as an antimicrobial, including against microbes associated with vaginal infections. To fully exploit the activities of RES, an all-natural ingredients formulation for RES delivery at vaginal site has been developed, namely liposomes loaded with RES, incorporated into a chitosan hydrogel as secondary vehicle. Although considered non-toxic and safe on their own, the compatibility of the final formulation must be evaluated for its biocompatibility and non-irritancy to the vaginal mucosa. As a preclinical safety assessment, the impact of RES formulation on the tissue viability, the effect on barrier function and cell monolayer integrity, and cytotoxicity were evaluated using the cell-based vaginal tissue model, the EpiVaginal™ tissue. RES liposomes-in-hydrogel formulations neither affected the mitochondrial activity, nor the integrity of the cell monolayer in RES concentration up to 60 µg/mL. Moreover, the barrier function was maintained to a greater extent by RES in formulation, emphasizing the benefits of the delivery system. Additionally, none of the tested formulations expressed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the non-treated tissues. The evaluation of the RES delivery system suggests that it is non-irritant and biocompatible with vaginal tissue in vitro in the RES concentrations considered as therapeutic.

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Section: Tissue Viability Based On Cell Membrane Leakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginalTM Tissue Model

et al. 2022

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“…Chitosan has proven antimicrobial properties, which enable it to be used in combination with antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of acute skin injuries [ 72 , 73 ]. Topical skin diseases, however, require lipid-based vehicles such as liposomes because they have a better interaction with the skin and they can deliver drugs that are less soluble in the skin [ 73 ].…”

Section: Potential For Chitin and Chitosan In Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin and Chitosan: Prospective Biomedical Applications in Drug Delivery, Cancer Treatment, and Wound Healing

Baharlouei

Rahman

2022

Marine Drugs

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Chitin and its derivative chitosan are highly abundant polymers in nature, appearing in both the shells and exoskeletons of various marine and non-marine species. Since they possess favorable properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity, they have gained recent attention due to their enormous potential biomedical applications. The polycationic surface of chitosan enables it to form hydrogenic and ionic bonds with drug molecules, which is one of its most useful properties. Because chitosan is biocompatible, it can therefore be used in drug delivery systems. The development of chitosan-based nanoparticles has also contributed to the significance of chitin as a drug delivery system that can deliver drugs topically. Furthermore, chitin can be used in cancer treatment as a vehicle for delivering cancer drugs to a specific site and has an antiproliferative effect by reducing the viability of cells. Finally, chitosan can be used as a wound dressing in order to promote the faster regeneration of skin epithelial cells and collagen production by fibroblasts. As discussed in this review, chitin and chitosan have diverse applications in the medical field. Recognizing the biomedical applications of these two polymers is essential for future research in tissue engineering and nanobiotechnology.

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“…Additionally, this polymer, derived from deacetylated chitin found in crab, shrimp, krill shells, and fungi, is biodegradable and biocompatible with generally low toxicity ( Bakshi et al, 2020 ). Numerous studies have confirmed its potential in skin therapy, especially against skin infections ( Hemmingsen et al, 2021c ). However, lipid-based systems are more frequently used in skin delivery; liposomes are often considered attractive because of their ability to closely interact with the skin structure ( Matei et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-based delivery system enhances antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine

Hemmingsen

Panchai²,

Julin³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Infected chronic skin wounds and other skin infections are increasingly putting pressure on the health care providers and patients. The pressure is especially concerning due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-producing bacteria that further impair treatment success. Therefore, innovative strategies for wound healing and bacterial eradication are urgently needed; utilization of materials with inherent biological properties could offer a potential solution. Chitosan is one of the most frequently used polymers in delivery systems. This bioactive polymer is often regarded as an attractive constituent in delivery systems due to its inherent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and wound healing properties. However, lipid-based vesicles and liposomes are generally considered more suitable as delivery systems for skin due to their ability to interact with the skin structure and provide prolonged release, protect the antimicrobial compound, and allow high local concentrations at the infected site. To take advantage of the beneficial attributes of the lipid-based vesicles and chitosan, these components can be combined into chitosan-containing liposomes or chitosomes and chitosan-coated liposomes. These systems have previously been investigated for use in wound therapy; however, their potential in infected wounds is not fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether both the chitosan-containing and chitosan-coated liposomes tailored for infected wounds could improve the antimicrobial activity of the membrane-active antimicrobial chlorhexidine, while assuring both the anti-inflammatory activity and cell compatibility. Chlorhexidine was incorporated into three different vesicles, namely plain (chitosan-free), chitosan-containing and chitosan-coated liposomes that were optimized for skin wounds. Their release profile, antimicrobial activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and cell compatibility were assessed in vitro. The vesicles comprising chitosan demonstrated slower release rate of chlorhexidine and high cell compatibility. Additionally, the inflammatory responses in murine macrophages treated with these vesicles were reduced by about 60% compared to non-treated cells. Finally, liposomes containing both chitosan and chlorhexidine demonstrated the strongest antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Both chitosan-containing and chitosan-coated liposomes comprising chlorhexidine could serve as excellent platforms for the delivery of membrane-active antimicrobials to infected wounds as confirmed by improved antimicrobial performance of chlorhexidine.

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The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy

Cited by 20 publications

References 365 publications

Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginalTM Tissue Model

Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginalTM Tissue Model

Chitin and Chitosan: Prospective Biomedical Applications in Drug Delivery, Cancer Treatment, and Wound Healing

Chitosan-based delivery system enhances antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine

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