The Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa Study (ExAMIN Youth SA)

Kruger, Ruan; Monyeki, M.A.; Schutte, Aletta E.; Smith, Wayne; Mels, Catharina M C; Kruger, Herculina S; Pienaar, Anita E.; Gafane-Matemane, Lebo F.; Breet, Yolandi; Lammertyn, Leandi; Mokwatsi, Gontse G.; Kruger, Ankebé; Deacon, Elmarí; Hanssen, Henner

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00212

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The study forms part of the combined Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa (ExAMIN Youth SA) and the Body Composition (BC) by Isotope Techniques (BC–IT) longitudinal study. Both the ExAMIN Youth SA and BC–IT studies’ samples were drawn from apparently healthy children from the same schools simultaneously [ 33 ]. The ExAMIN Youth SA study is an analytical, multidisciplinary, observational cohort study, designed to investigate the interplay between body composition, motor- and health-related fitness and physical activity and salivary biomarkers in 1103 purposefully selected children, aged five to nine years attending public primary schools in the North West Province, South Africa.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Sex Differences in the State and Relationships between Process and Product Assessments of Fundamental-Motor Skills in Five to Eight-Year-Olds: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

Pienaar

Monyeki

Coetzee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Adequate development of Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) at a young age benefit holistic development and positive health outcomes. This study determined age and sex developmental differences in the state and the relationships between process and product assessments of four fundamental-motor skills (FMS) in five to eight-year-olds. An availability sample of 636 children; 291 boys, 345 girls, mean age of 6.8 ± 0.97 years in the North West Province of South Africa participated in the study. Spearman rank order correlations analyzed relationships between assessments, while sex and age differences were examined using independent t-testing and one-way ANOVA. Age showed significant developmental trajectories in all FMS. Older children were found to be more at risk for not learning FMS to mastery, while unique developmental patterns were also established compared to international trends. Strong to moderate significant practical associations (p < 0.05) emerged between process and product assessments in catching (r = 0.79), jumping (r = 0.40) running (r = −0.33) and kicking (r = 0.20), while also confirming that the strength of the associations varies depending upon the skill type. Associations strengthened with increasing age, were higher in girls in all FMS, while associations between behavioral criteria in all FMS also differed between FMS and sexes. These strong associations, need to be taken into consideration during the development of FMS towards obtaining full mastery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Sex Differences in the State and Relationships between Process and Product Assessments of Fundamental-Motor Skills in Five to Eight-Year-Olds: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

Pienaar

Monyeki

Coetzee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…This cross-sectional study is part of the Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa (ExAMIN Youth SA) study [20]. The ExAMIN Youth SA study is an analytical, multidisciplinary, observational cohort study, designed to investigate the interplay between cardiovascular function, body composition, dietary intake, cardiorespiratory fitness and psychosocial stress in primary school children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A demographic approach to assess elevated blood pressure and obesity in prepubescent children: the ExAMIN Youth South Africa study

Kruger¹,

Kruger²,

Monyeki

et al. 2021

Journal of Hypertension

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Background: Obesity and hypertension prevalence among children are a concern, with limited evidence available on sex and ethnic differences in childhood blood pressure. We aimed to determine the number of children with hypertension and obesity to identify unique adiposity and blood pressure characteristics by sex and ethnicity, and to estimate the odds of having elevated blood pressure with increasing adiposity. Methods: We included 1062 healthy children (5–9 years of age) in an observational school-based study in South Africa. Pediatric validated automated devices were used to measure brachial blood pressure and performed pulse wave analysis to assess central hemodynamics. Standard anthropometry was carried out to determine body composition and demographic questionnaires were completed. Results: Almost 20% of children were overweight/obese and 14.1% had elevated blood pressure or hypertension (22.8%). Ethnic differences included greater adiposity in white compared with black children (all P < 0.0001), but higher DBP and total vascular resistance in black compared with white children (both P < 0.05). DBP and total vascular resistance were also higher in girls than boys (both P < 0.01). A 51–60% increased risk of developing elevated blood pressure was observed for 1SD (standard deviation) increase of sex-specific BMI [1.60 (1.4–1.8); P < 0.0001] and waist/height ratio [1.51 (1.3–1.7); P < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Unique sex and ethnic differences in body composition and blood pressure exist in prepubescent children, with overweight/obesity increasing the risk of elevated blood pressure. Our findings support primary prevention strategies to combat the growing burden of hypertension and obesity-related diseases in youth. Trial registration: The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04056377).

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“…Questionnaires: Information on PA during school hours and in their free time will be self-reported by children using adjusted questions from the PA Questionnaire for Children. 38 Dietary behaviours and nutrition will be self-reported by children through a tailored, validated food frequency questionnaire 39 40 and by educators via a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. 41 The validated KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire, European generic health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (10-domain version), will be implemented to determine children’s physical and psychological well-being.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of a school-based health intervention for prevention of non-communicable diseases in marginalised communities: protocol for a mixed-methods cohort study

et al. 2021

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IntroductionThe prevalence of chronic, lifestyle-related diseases is increasing among adults and children from low-income and middle-income countries. Despite the effectiveness of community-based interventions to address this situation, the benefits thereof may disappear in the long term, due to a lack of maintenance, especially among disadvantaged and high-risk populations. The KaziBantu randomised controlled trial conducted in 2019 consisted of two school-based health interventions, KaziKidz and KaziHealth. This study will evaluate the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions in promoting positive lifestyle changes among children and educators in disadvantaged schools in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisThis study has an observational, longitudinal, mixed-methods design. It will follow up educators and children from the KaziBantu study. All 160 educators enrolled in KaziHealth will be invited to participate, while the study will focus on 361 KaziKidz children (aged 10–16 years) identified as having an increased risk for non-communicable diseases. Data collection will take place 1.5 and 2 years postintervention and includes quantitative and qualitative methods, such as anthropometric measurements, clinical assessments, questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Analyses will encompass: prevalence of health parameters; descriptive frequencies of self-reported health behaviours and quality of life; the longitudinal association of these; extent of implementation; personal experiences with the programmes and an impact analysis based on the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework.DiscussionIn settings where resources are scarce, sustainable and effective prevention programmes are needed. The purpose of this protocol is to outline the design of a study to evaluate KaziKidz and KaziHealth under real-world conditions in terms of effectiveness, being long-lasting and becoming institutionalised. We hypothesise that a mixed-methods approach will increase understanding of the interventions’ capacity to lead to sustainable favourable health outcomes amid challenging environments, thereby generating evidence for policy.Trial registration numberISRCTN15648510

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The Exercise, Arterial Modulation and Nutrition in Youth South Africa Study (ExAMIN Youth SA)

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Age and Sex Differences in the State and Relationships between Process and Product Assessments of Fundamental-Motor Skills in Five to Eight-Year-Olds: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

Age and Sex Differences in the State and Relationships between Process and Product Assessments of Fundamental-Motor Skills in Five to Eight-Year-Olds: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

A demographic approach to assess elevated blood pressure and obesity in prepubescent children: the ExAMIN Youth South Africa study

Sustainability of a school-based health intervention for prevention of non-communicable diseases in marginalised communities: protocol for a mixed-methods cohort study

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