The Exchange Network: An Architecture for the Negotiation of Non-Repudiable Token Exchanges

Palm, Emanuel; Schelén, Olov; Bodin, Ulf; Hedman, Richard

doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972031

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The reason for this is that we believe it could be motivated to implement this architecture in different ways to facilitate different kinds of use cases, even though hashes and signatures are used by the realization we outline in Section IV. If interested to read more about such strategies, please refer to [19], in which we describe the implications of implementing a predecessor of this architecture in three different ways. Those approaches are (1) relying on a trusted centrally managed application, (2) implementing it on top of a blockchain network, as well as (3) using an approach reminiscent of the one presented in this paper.…”

Section: Implementation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricardian Contracts for Industry 4.0 via the Arrowhead Contract Proxy

Palm

Schelén

Bodin

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

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Industry 4.0 will require unprecedented degrees of integration across organizational boundaries, which will put new demands on infrastructure for managing agreements between industrial stakeholders. In this paper, we present a systemof-systems architecture for cross-organizational negotiation of Ricardian contracts. We also describe our implementation of it, based on Eclipse Arrowhead, and how it can produce nonrepudiable contracts between local clouds, potentially owned by distinct parties. We discuss how our architecture could impact current business paradigms, as well as arguing that our design, in contrast to most solutions based on smart contracts, avoids to deviate significantly from contemporary legal praxis, which should create better opportunity for industry adoption.

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Section: Implementation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricardian Contracts for Industry 4.0 via the Arrowhead Contract Proxy

Palm

Schelén

Bodin

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

Self Cite

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“…We have worked together with other project participants, representing Volvo Group, SEB, NXP and other companies, 3 to better understand the real-world circumstances in which these cross-organizational systems would have to exist. One of the fruits of this collaboration is the EN architecture, which we presented previously in [12]. That first paper focuses on the architecture itself, the implications of implementing it with different consensus models, and how it could be used by Volvo Trucks.…”

Section: Background and Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we only describe one way of implementing the architecture in this paper, which is intended to demonstrate a non-disruptive approach to designing systems for digital collaboration. In [12], we also consider how a blockchain system like Hyperledger Fabric [4], or a common database system like MySQL [19], could be used as implementation foundations.…”

Section: A Architecture Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaching Non-Disruptive Distributed Ledger Technologies via the Exchange Network Architecture

2020

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The rise of distributed ledger technologies, such as R3 Corda, Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum, has lead to a surge of interest in digitalizing different forms of contractual cooperation. By allowing for ledgers of collaboration-critical data to be reliably maintained between stakeholders without intermediaries, these solutions might enable unprecedented degrees of automation across organizational boundaries, which could have major implications for supply chain integration, medical journal sharing and many other use cases. However, these technologies tend to break with prevailing business practices by relying on code-as-contracts and distributed consensus algorithms, which can impose disruptive requirements on contract language, cooperation governance and interaction privacy. In this paper, we show how our Exchange Network architecture could be applied to avoid these disruptors. To be able to reason about the adequacy of our architecture, we present six requirements for effective contractual collaboration, which notably includes negotiable terms and effective adjudication. After outlining the architecture and our implementation of it, we describe how the latter meets our requirements by facilitating (1) negotiation, (2) user registries, (3) ownership ledgers and (4) definition sharing, as well as by only replicating ledgers between stakeholder pairs. To show how our approach compares to other solutions, we also consider how Corda, Fabric and Ethereum meet our requirements. We conclude that digital negotiation and ownership could replace many proposed uses of code-as-contracts for better compatibility with current contractual practices, as well as noting that distributed consensus algorithms are not mandatory for digital cooperation.

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“…However, the idea is not imposable to be included for consumers to list their desired items on the BeIMP. Therefore, our proposed platform can also let the prosumer (such as designers or manufacturers) to search their target customer, then negotiate [53] and bidding [54], and finally form the order sent to the blockchain.…”

Section: ) System Comparison and Generalizabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Integrated Market Platform for Contract Production

2020

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Contract production and transaction are very common and important since it can greatly reduce future uncertainty and is well-organized by buyers, sellers, and trusted third parties (TTPs). However, current commodity trading systems (such as spot, futures, and forward contract) are still traditional centralized structures, which means that there may always be concerned about the single point of failure and data corruption. Besides, even though there already exists fragmentary decentralized applications (DApps) for the marketplace, order management, resale, delivery, financing, and insurance, they are not integrated for operating contract production and transaction comprehensively. In this work, a blockchain-enabled integrated marketing platform (BeIMP) is proposed for contract production and transactions. BeIMP is a consortium blockchain (CsBc) framework that enables better safety, efficiency, and interoperability among stakeholders. BeIMP can directly match producers and consumers and reduce the problem of intermediaries' improper market operation. BeIMP has a three-tier risk diversification mechanism. First, both parties can know the quantity and price according to the contract specification (CSpec) in advance to avoid future uncertainty. Second, the buyers can resell the established order if they need, thereby diversifying the risk. Third, the concept of insurance is introduced to reduce force majeure and other systemic risks. BeIMP can also help producers get the loan from the financial institution (FI) if they need fund for production. We implement and demonstrate the prototype in contract farming (CF) first and discuss its generalizability to other scenarios. Experiment results show that the smart contract (SC) function is stable enough and the proof of authority (PoA) has the advantage in throughput and can give users a better experience.

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The Exchange Network: An Architecture for the Negotiation of Non-Repudiable Token Exchanges

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Ricardian Contracts for Industry 4.0 via the Arrowhead Contract Proxy

Ricardian Contracts for Industry 4.0 via the Arrowhead Contract Proxy

Approaching Non-Disruptive Distributed Ledger Technologies via the Exchange Network Architecture

Blockchain-Enabled Integrated Market Platform for Contract Production

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