The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)

Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Abellá, Juan; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268968

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…jaegeri covers from the Early Miocene (Pellecahus, France; MN 4; Roman & Viret 1934) to the early Late Miocene, as it has been found in Rudabánya (MN 9;Werdelin 2005). Paralutra garganensis, however, shows a very different morphology from its older relative and this led many authors to consider its generic attribution doubtful (Wang et al 2018;Kargopoulos et al 2022).…”

Section: The Intricate Phylogeny Of Lutrinaementioning

confidence: 99%

NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ENIGMATIC OTTERS FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF TUSCANY: <em>TYRRHENOLUTRA MAREMMANA</em> NOV. COMB. (LUTRINAE, MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA), WITH A PHYLOGENY OF BUNODONT OTTERS

FAGGI,

BARTOLINI-LUCENTI,

ROOK

2024

RIPS

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Otters, subfamily Lutrinae (Mustelidae), are predators that thrive in aquatic environments, and have a semiaquatic to fully aquatic lifestyle. While modern otters are found across the globe, their fossil history is limited, primarily documented by fragmented dentognathic remains. In this work, we report on and describe new dental remains of a medium-sized Lutrinae from the Late Miocene of Baccinello and Casteani (Tuscany), improving the poor fossil record of the subfamily in Europe. Tyrrhenolutra helbingi Hürzeler, 1987 is a poorly known species, described on some dental remains from the Baccinello mines and a few other localities. Considering its peculiar morphology, it has often been overlooked in the scientific literature. Description of the material stored at the Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel and Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia dell’Università di Firenze offers new insights on the intraspecific variability and dental morphology of this taxon. The comparative study of these findings highlights several morphological and biometrical similarities between T. helbingi and Paludolutra maremmana Hürzeler, 1987, which allow us to redefine these taxa as Tyrrhenolutra maremmana nov. comb. We carried out a total-evidence cladistic analysis seeking support for morphometric and morphological similarities between T. “helbingi” and “P.” maremmana. The resulting parsimony analyses support the synonymy, excluding a close relationship of T. maremmana with Paludolutra of Italy and Spain, as previously thought. Furthermore, we confirm a long-forgotten hypothesis identifying Limnonyx Crusafont Pairó, 1950 as the possible continental ancestor of Tyrrhenolutra.

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Section: The Intricate Phylogeny Of Lutrinaementioning

confidence: 99%

NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ENIGMATIC OTTERS FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF TUSCANY: <em>TYRRHENOLUTRA MAREMMANA</em> NOV. COMB. (LUTRINAE, MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA), WITH A PHYLOGENY OF BUNODONT OTTERS

FAGGI,

BARTOLINI-LUCENTI,

ROOK

2024

RIPS

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“…From this level alone, 112 vertebrate species are known (147 from all levels together), including 73 species of mammals (84 mammals in total from the outcrop). So far, only a fraction of the enormous vertebrate fauna has been studied in detail, including carnivores [7][8][9][10], artiodactyles [11][12][13], beavers [14], small mammals [15][16][17][18][19][20] and birds [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buronius manfredschmidi—A new small hominid from the early late Miocene of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)

Böhme,

Begun,

Holmes

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The known diversity of European middle and late Miocene hominids has increased significantly during the last decades. Most of these great apes were frugivores in the broadest sense, ranging from soft fruit frugivores most like chimpanzees to hard/tough object feeders like orangutans, varying in size from larger than siamangs (over 17 kg) to larger than most chimpanzees (~60–70 kg). In contrast to the frequent sympatry of hominoids in the early-to-middle Miocene of Africa, in no European Miocene locality more than one hominid taxon has been identified. Here we describe the first case of hominid sympatry in Europe from the 11.62 Ma old Hammerschmiede HAM 5 level, best known from its excellent record of Danuvius guggenmosi. The new fossils are consistent in size with larger pliopithecoids but differ morphologically from any pliopithecoid and from Danuvius. They are also distinguished from early and middle Miocene apes, share affinities with late Miocene apes, and represent a small hitherto unknown late Miocene ape Buronius manfredschmidi. With an estimated body mass of about 10 kg it represents the smallest known hominid taxon. The relative enamel thickness of Buronius is thin and contrasts with Danuvius, whose enamel is twice as thick. The differences between Buronius and Danuvius in tooth and patellar morphology, enamel thickness and body mass are indicative of differing adaptations in each, permitting resource partitioning, in which Buronius was a more folivorous climber.

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The primitive giant panda Kretzoiarctos beatrix (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede: dietary implications

Kargopoulos,

Abella,

Daasch

et al. 2024

Papers in Palaeontology

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Extant giant pandas are among the most herbivorous forms of the order Carnivora, feeding mainly on hard plant material. The first steps of their evolutionary lineage are of particular interest for our understanding of the factors that led to this specialized niche. The present work deals with newly discovered dental material of the primitive ailuropodine bear Kretzoiarctos beatrix from the Late Miocene locality of Hammerschmiede (Germany). This is the first report of the genus Kretzoiarctos outside the Iberian Peninsula, expanding its spatial range to Central Europe. All of the currently known localities with K. beatrix, from both Spain and Germany, are very similar in age (c. 11.9–11.4 Ma). The present material has distinct features that enable its taxonomic discrimination from other Miocene ursids of Europe, such as Ballusia, Ursavus, Miomaci, Agriarctos and Indarctos. A thorough comparison is conducted of all of these forms. The new specimens were used in a dental microwear texture analysis in combination with ecomorphological comparisons, to investigate the dietary habits of this primitive ailuropodine. The results suggest that Kretzoiarctos was not an eater of tough plant material like the extant giant panda but was more similar to the extant Tremarctos, exhibiting opportunistic behaviour with occasional consumption of meat.

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The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)

Cited by 12 publications

References 95 publications

NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ENIGMATIC OTTERS FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF TUSCANY: <em>TYRRHENOLUTRA MAREMMANA</em> NOV. COMB. (LUTRINAE, MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA), WITH A PHYLOGENY OF BUNODONT OTTERS

NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ENIGMATIC OTTERS FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF TUSCANY: <em>TYRRHENOLUTRA MAREMMANA</em> NOV. COMB. (LUTRINAE, MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA), WITH A PHYLOGENY OF BUNODONT OTTERS

Buronius manfredschmidi—A new small hominid from the early late Miocene of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)

The primitive giant panda Kretzoiarctos beatrix (Carnivora, Ursidae) from the hominid locality of Hammerschmiede: dietary implications

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