The Evolving Role of the Community Pharmacist in Chronic Disease Management - A Literature Review

George, Pradeep Paul; Molina, Joseph Antonio D; Cheah, Jason; Chan, Soo Chung; Lim, Boon Peng

doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n11p861

Cited by 128 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Among these health care expertise, community pharmacists are often considered the first contact point between patient and the health care system, perceived as accessible and trustworthy and have frequent contact with patients due to prescription dispensing schedules [7]. Ideally situated within the community, they can be involved in a broad range of health promotion campaigns and services, including prevention of chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, osteoporosis, as well as obesity and weight management [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In fact, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists recommends that pharmacists work with obese patients to manage lifestyle modifications [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of community pharmacists in weight management: results of a national study in Lebanon

Hijazi

Shatila

El-Lakany

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Ideally situated within the community, pharmacists can be involved in a broad range of health promotion campaigns including prevention of obesity. Limited evidence is available regarding their involvement in weight management in Lebanon, a country with escalating prevalence rate of obesity. Objective To examine the role of community pharmacists in weight management in Lebanon, specifically studying their beliefs, current practices, services, and knowledge. Methods Using a stratified random sampling approach, a cross sectional national survey of community pharmacists was conducted (n = 341, response rate 89%). At the pharmacy, and through a face-to-face interview, pharmacists completed a multi-component questionnaire that addressed, in addition to socio-demographic and work characteristics, their beliefs, practices, knowledge in relation to weight management. Frequencies and proportions were used to describe the data. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the determinants of knowledge in the study population. Results Over 80% of study participants agreed that they have an important role to play in weight management. However, 50% of pharmacists did not agree that weight loss products are well regulated and 81.1% thought that companies marketing weight loss products are making false promises. The majority of pharmacists always/often sold weight loss products (84.7%) and counseled their patients for diet (86.3%) and physical activity (91.7%). Despite taking weight and height measurements, 50% of pharmacists rarely/never calculated BMI. Among the pharmacists who reported side effects of weight loss products (46.5%), the majority (91.3%) did so to the pharmaceutical company. The knowledge of pharmacists was better for the use of weight loss products as opposed to their side effects and interactions. Significant predictors of knowledge were holding a Masters/ PhD degree in Pharmacy, graduating from a university inside Lebanon, obtaining weight management training within the academic degree, and receiving inquiries about weight management in the pharmacy more than once daily. Conclusions The results of the study provided important insights on the beliefs, practices and knowledge of community pharmacists in weight management in Lebanon. These findings could be used to inform the development of future evidence-based community pharmacists led weight management service provision nationally and internationally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of community pharmacists in weight management: results of a national study in Lebanon

Hijazi

Shatila

El-Lakany

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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“…CP practice is now evolving. 4 PhC services within CPs have become essential and integrated parts of health systems in developed countries. For example, in Europe, PhC services within CPs continued to develop and spread in many countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Care Within Community Pharmacies: Tools Availability and Pharmacists’ Views, Wad-Medani, Sudan

Eldooma¹,

Maatoug²,

Yousif³

2023

IPRP

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Background Pharmaceutical Care (PhC) services within community pharmacies (CPs) have become a vital issue in many developed countries. Purpose This study assessed the availability of PhC tools and pharmacists’ views towards PhC services within CPs in Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020 using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. The participants were 120 community pharmacists. Results Fifty-eight percent of respondents used to work in pharmacies near homes rather than within the marketplace. The study revealed that the overall tool availability of the assessed components and items was only 25% (Counselling areas 3%, Records 5%, Pharmacist identity 3%, Pharmacy phones 15%, Medical devices 38%, and Staff 29%). The result of pharmacists’ views towards the PhC concept, roles, and responsibilities showed a high level of agreement, at 88%, with a statistically insignificant difference between participants. Conclusion Tools available within CPs were lower than required. However, pharmacists’ views showed a high agreement level towards PhC concept roles and responsibilities. Community pharmacists, academic sectors, and regulatory authorities must start initiatives to improve the provision of PhC tools for better patient care service delivery.

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“… 1 , 2 PC reshaped the approach of pharmacy practice to be a patient-centered rather than a product-centered profession which requires pharmacists to take responsibility as patients’ direct care providers. 2 , 3 Several research works were carried out to determine and evaluate the pharmacists’ abilities to improve health outcomes. The simulated patient (SP) method has been assumed to be one of the most reliable methods for evaluating the competencies of the community pharmacists (CP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical appraisal of simulated patient methodology to assess the practice of community pharmacist in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review

Boura¹,

Al-Tabakha²,

Hassan³

et al. 2022

PHARMPRACT

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Background: The use of simulated patient (SP) methodology in pharmacy practice settings has increased recently. However, its applications can vary significantly within a region, hence affecting the quality of the SP methodology. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to critically assess the use of the SP methodology for assessing the practice of community pharmacists (CP) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and SCOPUS to identify articles published from 2011 to 2022. The selection of relevant studies for inclusion in the systematic review was based on the pre-determined inclusion criteria. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Electronic search yielded 478 publications. A total of 45 studies were reviewed. The studies were conducted in 12 countries of the MENA region. The sample size between the reviewed articles ranged from 20 to 1000 (median= 129). A greater number of the included studies measured the adequacy of skill (pre-dispensing and/or post-dispensing) 38 (84.4%). The vast majority of the studies reported unsatisfactory results regarding the competencies of CP. The number of the SP ranged from 1 to 37 (median= 2). Most of the studies recruited only one SP per pharmacy 35 (77.8%). The most common data collection method was written data collection form 42 (93.3%). Few studies only had a detection system for SP visits 11 (24.4%), and only six studies incorporated performance feedback (13.3%). More than two-thirds of the studies provided a training session for SP 37 (82.2%). There was variation in the symptoms and drugs used in the SP scenarios in the studies. Conclusion: Although the results demonstrate the growth in the use of the SP method in MENA region countries, studies showed high variability in the level of reporting the study methodology. Consequently, we argue the need for standardized reporting of these studies.

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The Evolving Role of the Community Pharmacist in Chronic Disease Management - A Literature Review

Cited by 128 publications

References 32 publications

Role of community pharmacists in weight management: results of a national study in Lebanon

Role of community pharmacists in weight management: results of a national study in Lebanon

Pharmaceutical Care Within Community Pharmacies: Tools Availability and Pharmacists’ Views, Wad-Medani, Sudan

Critical appraisal of simulated patient methodology to assess the practice of community pharmacist in the Middle East and North Africa region: A systematic review

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