The Evolving Landscape of Colonoscopy: Recent Developments and Complication Management

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is globally recognized as the third most prevalent cancer, highlighting the crucial role of colonoscopy in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. This medical procedure has demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing colorectal cancer and investigating a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms. It has long been acknowledged as the gold standard for screening colorectal cancer. The primary objective of this analysis is to outline diverse range of complications associated with preparatory phase of colonoscopy, especially among hospitalized patients, including those with potentially life-threatening conditions. The ultimate aim is to elucidate strategies to prevent complications during the preparatory phase of colonoscopy. The real-time visual feed produced by endoscopic camera allows for the detection of abnormal growth of the colonic wall. This capability facilitates the assessment, biopsy, and removal of mucosal lesions through various biopsy instruments accessible via specialized channels. With its multifaceted utility, colonoscopy has become a frontline approach in making colorectal cancer a preventable and early-detectable disease over the past few decades. Common complications associated with colonoscopy include occurrences like vomiting, nosebleeds, abdominal pain, and acute diarrhoea. This review primarily focuses on developments that have transpired over the past five years, leading to changes in multiple aspects of colonoscopy.