The evolving biology and treatment of prostate cancer

Taichman, Russell S.; Loberg, Robert D.; Mehra, Rohit; Pienta, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1172/jci31791

Cited by 118 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…It is a heterogenous disease displaying either an indolent or an aggressive course 2 . One of the major problems with its diagnosis and prognosis, is the lack of valid biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer

Burdova

Bouchal²,

Tavandzis³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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aBackground. The TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion is one of the most widely spread chromosomal rearrangements in carcinomas. Since its discovery, a number of studies have examined its diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications for prostate cancer where suitable biomarkers are still lacking. The publication data are inconsistent. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate the current clinical impact of this gene fusion. Methods. The PubMed online database was used to search relevant reviews and original articles. Results. Although the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion appears to be a suitable diagnostic biomarker, the prognostic implications of this gene fusion are still unclear. Several new strategies for therapeutically targeting ETS fusions and their modulators have been identified and are currently being investigated. Conclusion. Due to the heterogeneity of prostate cancer, the combination of several biomarkers is necessary to accurately assess the presence of prostate cancer, predict its potential clinical outcome and decide on appropriate therapy (e.g. PARP inhibitors).

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“…It is a heterogenous disease displaying either an indolent or an aggressive course 2 . One of the major problems with its diagnosis and prognosis, is the lack of valid biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer

Burdova

Bouchal²,

Tavandzis³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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“…Its incidence among Turkish men was determined as 6.1 per 100,000 (Tuncer, 2007). PCa usually affects elderly men and has increasing incidence rates with PSA testing especially in the developed countries (Taichman et al, 2007). However PSA-based screening in patients older than 75 years has long been controversial although being an easy procedure, acceptable sensitivity and low costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of PSA and DRE on Histologic Findings at Prostate Biopsy in Turkish Men Over 75 Years of Age

Verim

Yıldırım²,

Başok³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Prostate specidic antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) are the known predictive factors for positive prostate biopsies differing according to the age, region and race. There have been only very limited studies about the impact of PSA on histological findings at prostate biopsy in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSA and clinical stage on histologic findings of prostate biopsy in men older than 75 years of age as a first study in the Turkish population. A total of 1,645 consecutive prostate biopsies were included, with 194 men aged 75 or older. Cancer was identified in 104 patients (53.6%). Of the 104 positive biopsies, Gleason scores were less than 7 in 53 (49%) patients, 7 or greater in 51 (51%) patients. Positive prostate biopsies were significantly correlated with advanced age (p=0.0001), abnormal DRE (p=0.0001) and raised PSA (p=0.0001). The prostate volume was significantly correlated with advanced age especially in prostate cancer patients over 75 years, compared with those under 75 (p=0.0001). These results are useful for counseling men older than 75 years for prostate cancer detection. However, PCa screening decisions are currently based on urologist judgment and detection of latent asymptomatic disease is an important concern regarding costs, overdiagnosis, overtreatment and quality of life (QOL) for men aged 75 years and older. Healthy old patients with a long life expectancy need to be carefully evaluated for eligibility for PCa screening.

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“…In 2007, approximately 10% of the 220 000 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) in the USA will eventually die secondary to metastasis (Taichman et al, 2007). The mechanisms underlying PCa metastatic progression are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ezrin mediates c-Myc actions in prostate cancer cell invasion

Iglesias-Gato

Fernández-Pérez

et al. 2009

Oncogene

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The forced overexpression of c-Myc in mouse prostate and in normal human prostate epithelial cells results in tumor transformation with an invasive phenotype. How c-Myc regulates cell invasion is poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the interplay of c-Myc and androgens in the regulation of prostate cancer cell invasion. We found that c-Myc induces cell invasion and anchorageindependent growth by regulating ezrin protein expression in the presence of androgens. The activity of the ezrin promoter is controlled by androgens through c-Myc, which binds to a phylogenetically conserved E-Box located in the proximal promoter region. Besides, we also show that ezrin is an important regulator of c-Myc protein levels. These effects are achieved through androgeninduced changes in ezrin phosphorylation, which results in the regulation of downstream signals. These downstream signals involve the modulation of Akt and GSK-3b activity resulting in increased c-Myc protein synthesis and inhibition of its degradation. In summary, we have shown a key role for ezrin as a mediator of c-Myc-induced tumorigenesis in prostate cancer cells.

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The evolving biology and treatment of prostate cancer

Cited by 118 publications

References 119 publications

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer

TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer

Impact of PSA and DRE on Histologic Findings at Prostate Biopsy in Turkish Men Over 75 Years of Age

Ezrin mediates c-Myc actions in prostate cancer cell invasion

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