The Evolution of Tourism in Kenya

Akama, John S.

doi:10.1080/09669589908667324

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From the 1990s, therefore, the country's tourism sector has operated between policies whose origin and intent were designed for conventional, state-run tourism, on the one hand, with incremental modifications towards principles of ecotourism driven from the bottom-up, fueled mainly by cumulative community intolerance of wildlife and other conservation-related costs, on the other. 25 The portrait of sustainable tourism in Kenya at the moment is thus one where a national conservation and economic foundation based on conventional tourism is bound together with small but socio-politically influential pockets of ecotourism, with the two modes being simultaneously interlinked and separated on various levels.…”

Section: State Of Ecotourism In Kenya: Between Conventional and Sustamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the contradictions in the development of ecotourism in Kenya is that it is becoming more unsustainable on economic and social criteria in several ways. 18 First, many CBEs are driven by foreign investment and foreign ownership. Most of the initiatives have relied on capital from either individual business investors or international tourism companies headquartered in developed countries.…”

Section: State Of Ecotourism In Kenya: Between Conventional and Sustamentioning

confidence: 99%

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“We all voted for it”: experiences of participation in community-based ecotourism from the foothills of Mt Kilimanjaro

Amati

2013

Journal of Eastern African Studies

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Section: State Of Ecotourism In Kenya: Between Conventional and Sustamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of Ecotourism In Kenya: Between Conventional and Sustamentioning

confidence: 99%

“We all voted for it”: experiences of participation in community-based ecotourism from the foothills of Mt Kilimanjaro

Amati

2013

Journal of Eastern African Studies

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“…Tourism is an important strategy for socio-economic development in developing countries [2]. Wildlife is an important economic asset to many sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Resources of Ethiopia: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions: From Ecotourism Perspective: A Review Paper

Amare¹

2015

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The economy of Ethiopia has prospered for many years on agricultural products but currently, the country expands to industrialization and service providing for additional incomes. However, the wildlife tourism and conservation practices are still at low attention. Therefore, this review paper identifies potential opportunities and wildlife diversity to promote wildlife tourism practices in Ethiopia. Furthermore, it also identifies the challenges and future directions to put into practice for future wildlife tourism industry. Wildlife tourism is one of the best potential economies to the country due to the presence of magnificent diversity of wildlife with high endemism and expansion of protected areas. The main intentions of tourists are to visit large mammals and birds with their natural habitats. The country earns million dollars per year only from protected areas through nature based tourism. The Montane and Afroalpine, Rift Valley and Transboundary ecosystem, a world class icon for wildlife tourism which attracts various tourists, and potential tourism destination for Ethiopia due to its high mammalian diversity and scenic area. The expansion of protected areas, peaceful and friendly people, and endemism promote tourism industry in Ethiopia. Even though, Ethiopia is the third country next to Tanzania and Uganda in terms of land surface of protected area; human-wildlife conflict, loss of biodiversity, and limited tourism and conservation attention with poor infrastructure are some of the major challenges. To scale up wildlife tourism industry, better promotion with practical conservation practices, community based tourism approaches and infrastructures should be implemented throughout the whole area of tourist destination.

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“…Tourism plans and projects tend to be prepared by bureaucrats and policy planners from the governmental centre, and in some cases by international consultants. Consequently, they often fail to recognise and incorporate local development needs, resource constraints, human resource issues, environmental and cultural variables, and local aspirations (Akama, 1999). Such a top-down approach represents what Burns (2004) describes as the "tourism-first approach", which is characterised by little or no importance given to the development needs of the destination communities.…”

Section: Relationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Community Networks and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tourism: The Role of Entrepreneurial Innovation

Kokkranikal

Morrison

2011

Tourism Planning & Development

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Entrepreneurial innovation plays a significant role in tourism development, especially in communities with limited experience or expertise in tourism. Innovative tourism businesses, often in the small business sector, are likely to be more beneficial to the local community in terms of job creation and economic linkages. Such forms of tourism could offer new forms of livelihood in destination communities, making tourism an effective strategy for livelihood diversification that is more sustainable and community-based. Community-based tourism initiatives can also help form community networks that facilitate involvement of local stakeholders in a more efficient manner. This paper analyses the role of entrepreneurial innovation in facilitating community networks and sustainable livelihoods in tourism. A case study of an eco-heritage tourism resort of Coconut Palms, in the Indian state of Kerala provides an illustration of how entrepreneurial innovation helped form a community network and offer sustainable livelihood diversification opportunities to stakeholders in the periphery of tourism. The paper thus contributes an example of a sustainable community-private network and a new understanding into a phenomenon that has potential to make a real contribution to the lives of individuals in disadvantaged communities.

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The Evolution of Tourism in Kenya

Cited by 41 publications

References 23 publications

“We all voted for it”: experiences of participation in community-based ecotourism from the foothills of Mt Kilimanjaro

“We all voted for it”: experiences of participation in community-based ecotourism from the foothills of Mt Kilimanjaro

Wildlife Resources of Ethiopia: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions: From Ecotourism Perspective: A Review Paper

Community Networks and Sustainable Livelihoods in Tourism: The Role of Entrepreneurial Innovation

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