The evolution of the Th2 immune responses and its relationships with parasitic diseases and allergy

Caraballo, Luis; Zakzuk, Josefina

doi:10.7705/biomedica.v32i1.419

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Helminthic infections induce genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, hormonal and metabolic changes in their hosts, allowing parasites to productively infect them without triggering harmful immune responses . The infection drives the host immune system towards regulated immune responses and immunosuppression in chronic stages of infection, both in humans and animals . To be successful, helminths counteract the strictly regulated host innate response downregulating inflammatory responses that could be deleterious for the parasite.…”

Section: Helminthic Infections Innate Immunity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome‐transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?

Siles-Lucas

Morchón

Simón

et al. 2015

Parasite Immunology

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Chronic diseases associated with inflammation show fast annual increase in their incidence. This has been associated with excessive hygiene habits that limit contacts between the immune system and helminth parasites. Helminthic infections induce regulation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) leading to atypical Th2 type immune responses, with downregulation of the inflammatory component usually associated with these type of responses. Many cells, including those of the immune system, produce extracellular vesicles called exosomes which mediate either immune stimulation (DCs) or immune modulation (T cells). The transfer of miRNAs contained in T-cell exosomes has been shown to contribute to downregulate the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been recently described the delivery to the host-parasite interface of exosomes containing miRNAs by helminths and its internalization by host cells. In this sense, helminth microRNAs transported in exosomes and internalized by immune host cells exert an important role in the expansion of Treg cells, resulting in the control of inflammation. We here provide relevant information obtained in the field of exosomes, cell-cell communication and miRNAs, showing the high potential of helminth miRNAs delivered in exosomes to host cells as new therapeutic tools against diseases associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses.

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Section: Helminthic Infections Innate Immunity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome‐transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?

Siles-Lucas

Morchón

Simón

et al. 2015

Parasite Immunology

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Perfil de citocinas Th2 aplicado a una patología dermatológica: lepra lepromatosa

Aya¹,

Martínez

2018

Piel

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Inmunorregulación inducida por helmintos: una actualización

Zakzuk

2016

iatreia

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Las helmintiasis, que han desaparecido o disminuido en las regiones más desarrolladas del mundo, producen cambios notables en el sistema inmunológico, y usualmente, cuando son crónicas o intensas, causan inmunosupresión. Aunque deterioran la salud, también parecen proteger del desarrollo de enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas al proveer estímulos inmunorreguladores. Promueven el desarrollo de linfocitos B o T reguladores que inhiben la proliferación de clones autorreactivos o específicos de alérgeno. Cada vez se conoce más la modulación de la respuesta innata por parásitos; se destaca que además de aumentar en número células claves en la defensa contra estos, también pueden usarlas como blanco de evasión. Algunas poblaciones importantes en la defensa contra bacterias y otros patógenos también responden a los helmintos, pero sufren una programación genética diferente a las formas asociadas a la respuesta tipo 1. Paralelamente a la inmunosupresión, las helmintiasis inducen una respuesta tipo 2. Por esto, es preocupante lo que sucede en algunas poblaciones en donde se controlan parcialmente estas parasitosis y predominan los ciclos de infestación ligera/reinfección. En estos contextos, algunos helmintos, como Ascaris lumbricoides, parecen promover el desarrollo de alergias; esta es la helmintiasis más común en el planeta, pero de la que menos se sabe sobre su capacidad inmunorreguladora. PALABRAS CLAVEAscaris lumbricoides; Helmintiasis; Inmunomodulación; Inmunosupresión SUMMARY Helminth-induced immunoregulation: an updateHelminth infections, which have been reduced or eradicated from most developed countries, produce important changes in the immune system. Especially, when chronic and intense, they 1 MD, PhD. Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas.

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The evolution of the Th2 immune responses and its relationships with parasitic diseases and allergy

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Exosome‐transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?

Exosome‐transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?

Perfil de citocinas Th2 aplicado a una patología dermatológica: lepra lepromatosa

Inmunorregulación inducida por helmintos: una actualización

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