The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia’s Al-Shabaab

Mueller, Jason C.

doi:10.1080/09546553.2016.1165213

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The paper demonstrates that in the months leading up to the survey, households were more likely to experience economic shocks (food price increases, loss of employment and reduced income in particular) than sociopolitical or biophysical shocks. Of course, we cannot conclude this is always the case as periodic political conflict and terrorist attacks have affected Nairobi in recent years [ 49 , 50 ]. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic would qualify as a biophysical shock in our classification to the extent that it impacted on the health of household members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing for COVID-19: Household food insecurity and vulnerability to shocks in Nairobi, Kenya

2021

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An understanding of the types of shocks that disrupt and negatively impact urban household food security is of critical importance to develop relevant and targeted food security emergency preparedness policies and responses, a fact magnified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. This gap is addressed by the current study which draws from the Hungry Cities Partnership (HCP) city-wide household food insecurity survey of Nairobi city in Kenya. It uses both descriptive statistics and multilevel modelling using General Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to examine the relationship between household food security and 16 different shocks experienced in the six months prior to the administration of the survey. The findings showed that only 29% of surveyed households were completely food secure. Of those experiencing some level of food insecurity, more experienced economic (55%) than sociopolitical (16%) and biophysical (10%) shocks. Economic shocks such as food price increases, loss of employment, and reduced income were all associated with increased food insecurity. Coupled with the lack of functioning social safety nets in Nairobi, households experiencing shocks and emergencies experience serious food insecurity and related health effects. In this context, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a major negative economic impact on many vulnerable urban households. As such, there is need for new policies on urban food emergencies with a clear emergency preparedness plan for responding to major economic and other shocks that target the most vulnerable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing for COVID-19: Household food insecurity and vulnerability to shocks in Nairobi, Kenya

2021

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“…In Al-Shabaab’s early years, 4 they presented themselves as the only viable governing alternative left in Somalia. Their initial messaging was very nationalistic, and they described themselves as ‘the only remaining defenders of Somalia against foreign incursion’ (Mueller 2016). When the group started operating independently from the ICU, the successes of their guerrilla campaign against the Ethiopian military in Somalia garnered significant support for the group.…”

Section: Stepping Into the Media Battlegroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media and Terrorism in Africa: Al-Shabaab’s Evolution from Militant Group to Media Mogul

Grobbelaar

2022

Insight on Africa

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It is no surprise to come across information or video on social or mainstream media that was posted by a terrorist organisation like Al-Shabaab. In this regard, researchers have attempted to answer the question of what terrorist organisations aim to achieve by gaining a strong foothold in cyberspace. This article explores the evolution of Al-Shabaab in terms of their media usage and presence—from a local insurgency using magazines and radio stations, to what can be described as a media mogul in Africa. The author explores how and why this group chooses to pursue a strong cyber presence, and what, if anything, Africa and the international community can do about it.

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“…After the collapse of the central government of Somalia in 1991, the country has shifted into a dangerous situation, and the whole nation was took over by the warlords grouped into clans and sub-clans (Barrow, 2019). Due to created various militias organized in a form of clans were killed and wounded a lot of innocent civilians and as well as so many internal displaced people into neighborhood nations by escaping the endless fire in Somalia particularly when ISSN 2162-3058 2020 the civil war was started in 1991 (Mueller, 2016). As the rule of law does not exist in the country, numerous communities in Southwest regions of Somalia particularly Baidoa district residence and its surrounding remote areas have had conflicts over years with the particular group within the communities taking the lead of all domestic crimes such as land dispute, revenge killings and other bad conflicts (Kusow, 2012).…”

Section: Baidoa District Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Clan Conflicts in Somalia: When Peace Happen (Case Study Baidoa District, Bay Region)

Barrow¹

2020

IJHRS

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Various clans in Bay region have had conflicts over time onwards with the pastoral communities taking the lead. More specifically, Baidoa district has been registered several inter-clan conflicts within Digil and Mirifle tribe and sub tribes fighting over resources and political issues. This paper examines Inter-Clan Conflicts in Somalia with special reference to Baidoa district community. The study used descriptive research design. The target populations of this study were communities in Baidoa district. The study distributed questionnaire and purposive sampling due to security issue with 103 respondents of male and female who were more familiar with the background of inter-clan conflicts in Baidoa district. The data analyzed with SPSS version of 16.0. The findings show that land ownership dispute, pastures, water, and political power sharing and many other subjects are the major drivers of the inter-clan conflict amongst the communities in Baidoa district. Besides, the results also revealed that lack of rule of law and uncontrollable urbanization including internal displaced people has been frontline frequently rising of inter-clan conflicts due to occupying illegal lands without getting any permission by the land owner/state and many other unmanaged matters are still exist in Baidoa. Currently, the security situation in Baidoa district is quite good but not reliable because of Baidoa outskirts is under control of Al-Shabab militant. Peace is the heart and pillar upon with every life’s meaningful progress, security and social harmonize could be reach and continued in each nation’s life.

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The Evolution of Political Violence: The Case of Somalia’s Al-Shabaab

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Preparing for COVID-19: Household food insecurity and vulnerability to shocks in Nairobi, Kenya

Preparing for COVID-19: Household food insecurity and vulnerability to shocks in Nairobi, Kenya

Media and Terrorism in Africa: Al-Shabaab’s Evolution from Militant Group to Media Mogul

Inter-Clan Conflicts in Somalia: When Peace Happen (Case Study Baidoa District, Bay Region)

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