The Evolution of Pharmacological Activities Bouea macrophylla Griffith In Vivo and In Vitro Study: A Review

Abstract

Bouea macrophylla Griffith (B. macrophylla) is one of the many herbal plants found in Asia, and its fruit is plum mango. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, and many others. Due to its bioactive components, plum mango has powerful antioxidants that have therapeutic benefits for many common ailments, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the evolution of plum mango’s phytochemical properties and pharmacological activities including in vitro and in vivo studies. The pharmacological activities of B. macrophylla Griffith reviewed in this article are antioxidant, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, and antiphotoaging. Each of these pharmacological activities described and studied the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Interestingly, plum mango seeds show good pharmacological activity where the seed is the part of the plant that is a waste product. This can be an advantage because of its economic value as a herbal medicine. Overall, the findings described in this review aim to allow this plant to be explored and utilized more widely, especially as a new drug discovery.

Ameliorative Effect of <i>Bouea macrophylla</i> Griffth Seed Extract Against Bacteria-Induced Acne Inflammation: <i>in vitro</i> study

“…B. macrophylla seed, a by-product from fruit consumption and processing, has been reported for its several biological properties and secondary metabolites 9) . However, there is no information regarding the ameliorative effect of B. macrophylla seed extract against bacteria-induced acne inflammation.…”

“…Generally, B. macrophylla contains seeds presenting purple cotyledons which are wastes from processing and consumption. Noticeably, previous studies widely reported that B. macrophylla seed is a rich source of antioxidants 9) . Furthermore, the seed extracts derived from ethanolic extraction and its aqueous formations exerted a notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anticancer effects owing to their polyphenol components 8,9) .…”

“…Noticeably, previous studies widely reported that B. macrophylla seed is a rich source of antioxidants 9) . Furthermore, the seed extracts derived from ethanolic extraction and its aqueous formations exerted a notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anticancer effects owing to their polyphenol components 8,9) . On the other hand, there has been no evidence regarding the anti-acne effect of B. macrophylla seed extract so far.…”

“…Bouea macrophylla Griffth, so-called as plum mango or maprang (Thailand) , is categorized in the plant family of Anacardiaceae which is widely cultivated throughout South East Asia, particularly Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippines 8,9) . The varieties of B. macrophylla grown in Thailand are typically classified by taste which include sour maprang, sweet maprang, and mayong chid of which taste presents sour sweetness.…”

Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Assessment of Bouea Macrophylla Yoghurt

“…These mixtures might be answerable for the pharmacological potential of Bouea macrophylla as an antioxidant [ 1 ], antimicrobial, anticancer [ 3 ], antihyperglycemic, and antiphotoaging [ 4 ] agent. Consumption of Bouea macrophylla fruit can also increase the β-carotene concentration in the blood [ 5 ]. However, data on this fruit are still limited and the safety efficacy, particularly in toxicological studies, is still under-explored [ 5 ].…”