The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene

Foster, Gavin L.; Lear, C. H.; Rae, James

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.007

Cited by 278 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…However, recent records proximal to the Antarctic ice sheet indicate that some portion [maybe as much as 10 m sea-level equivalent (26,34)] of the EAIS also retreated during these warm periods (26,35). Finally, sea levels lower than those of the present, as observed during the last 550,000 y and during the Miocene, were caused largely by growth of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets (11,18). As also argued before, the threshold CO 2 value for the growth of these ice sheets must be below 280 ppm (6); a recent assessment suggests that with our current orbital configuration, a threshold of 240 ± 5 ppm is appropriate (36).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales

Foster

Rohling

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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129

113

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On 10 3 -to 10 6 -year timescales, global sea level is determined largely by the volume of ice stored on land, which in turn largely reflects the thermal state of the Earth system. Here we use observations from five well-studied time slices covering the last 40 My to identify a well-defined and clearly sigmoidal relationship between atmospheric CO 2 and sea level on geological (near-equilibrium) timescales. This strongly supports the dominant role of CO 2 in determining Earth's climate on these timescales and suggests that other variables that influence long-term global climate (e.g., topography, ocean circulation) play a secondary role. The relationship between CO 2 and sea level we describe portrays the "likely" (68% probability) long-term sea-level response after Earth system adjustment over many centuries. Because it appears largely independent of other boundary condition changes, it also may provide useful long-range predictions of future sea level. For instance, with CO 2 stabilized at 400-450 ppm (as required for the frequently quoted "acceptable warming" of 2°C), or even at AD 2011 levels of 392 ppm, we infer a likely (68% confidence) long-term sea-level rise of more than 9 m above the present. Therefore, our results imply that to avoid significantly elevated sea level in the long term, atmospheric CO 2 should be reduced to levels similar to those of preindustrial times.S ea-level change is one of the most significant and long-lasting consequences of anthropogenic climate change (1). However, accurate forecasting of the future magnitude of sea-level change is difficult because current numerical climate models lack the capacity to accurately resolve the dynamical processes that govern size changes of continental ice sheets [e.g., total disappearance of the current continental ice sheets would raise mean sea level by about 70 m (1)]. This complicates long-range sea-level projections because the retreat of continental ice sheets will increasingly contribute to sea-level rise as the 21st century progresses (2), and because this rise will continue long into the future, even if temperatures were stabilized, according to different mitigation scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions (1). Because of the absence of adequate ice-dynamical processes in models, even the most recent estimates have to rely on assumed (linear) relationships between ice-volume reduction and global mean temperature increase (1), which as yet remain largely untested. Therefore, here we provide a natural context to projections of future long-term (multicentury) sea-level rise, by assessing key relationships in the Earth's climate system using recent high-quality data from the geological past. Because global mean temperature is hard to measure in the geological past without applying (often problematic) assumptions about polar amplification or deep-sea temperature relationships (3, 4), we instead concentrate on quantifying the "likely" [68% probability (5)] long-term relationship between two entities that can be measured more directly, namely i...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The notable exception is the Miocene (11-17 Ma) time slice, in which in parts, only stomatal and δ 11 B-based estimates agree (see discussion in SI CO2 and Sea-Level Estimates and ref. 18). Nonetheless, overall agreement among multiple proxies provides confidence in the higher-resolution marine-based records we have chosen to use here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales

Foster

Rohling

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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129

113

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“…By 17 Ma global temperatures were as much as 4-5°C warmer than today. This interval, called the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO), punctuated a time of gradual cooling and growth of Antarctic ice sheets (Foster et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Paraná Portal: Early Miocene Expansion and Middle Miocenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography in deep time – What do phylogenetics, geology, and paleoclimate tell us about early platyrrhine evolution?

Kay

2015

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

111

169

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a b s t r a c tMolecular data have converged on a consensus about the genus-level phylogeny of extant platyrrhine monkeys, but for most extinct taxa and certainly for those older than the Pleistocene we must rely upon morphological evidence from fossils. This raises the question as to how well anatomical data mirror molecular phylogenies and how best to deal with discrepancies between the molecular and morphological data as we seek to extend our phylogenies to the placement of fossil taxa.Here I present parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses of extant and fossil platyrrhines based on an anatomical dataset of 399 dental characters and osteological features of the cranium and postcranium.

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“…However, several studies have used marine carbonate to reconstruct seawater d 11 B for various stages during the late Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic ( Fig. 8.7; Joachimski et al 2005;Kasemann et al 2010;Foster et al 2012;Clarkson et al 2015;Anagnostou et al 2016).…”

Section: Paleo-ocean Chemistry Of Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stippled line is interpolated for periods where no model exists. Reconstruction of seawater d 11 B based on data from marine carbonate are marked in red boxes (Joachimski et al 2005;Kasemann et al 2010;Foster et al 2012;Clarkson et al 2015;Anagnostou et al 2016). Minimum and maximum seawater values for Eocene estimates are marked by upward-and downward-pointing triangles, respectively.…”

Section: Paleo-ocean Chemistry Of Boronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Isotopes in the Ocean Floor Realm and the Mantle

Marschall

2017

Boron Isotopes

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This chapter reviews the boron isotopic composition of the ocean floor, including pristine igneous oceanic crust such as mid-ocean ridge basalts and ocean island basalts and their implications for the B isotopic composition of the mantle. The chapter further discusses the B isotopic effects of assimilation of altered crustal materials in mantle-derived magmas. The systematics of seawater alteration on oceanic rocks are discussed, including sediments, igneous crust and serpentinization of ultramafic rocks and the respective marine hydrothermal vent fluids. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the secular evolution of the B isotopic composition of seawater.

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The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene

Cited by 278 publications

References 86 publications

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales

Biogeography in deep time – What do phylogenetics, geology, and paleoclimate tell us about early platyrrhine evolution?

Boron Isotopes in the Ocean Floor Realm and the Mantle

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The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene

Cited by 278 publications

References 86 publications

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO 2 on geological timescales

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO 2 on geological timescales

Biogeography in deep time – What do phylogenetics, geology, and paleoclimate tell us about early platyrrhine evolution?

Boron Isotopes in the Ocean Floor Realm and the Mantle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales

Relationship between sea level and climate forcing by CO ₂ on geological timescales