The evolution of motivational interviewing

Abstract

This review traces the development of motivational interviewing (MI) from its happenstance beginnings and the first description published in this journal in 1983, to its continuing evolution as a method that is now in widespread practice in many professions, nations and languages. The efficacy of MI has been documented in hundreds of controlled clinical trials, and extensive process research sheds light on why and how it works. Developing proficiency in MI is facilitated by feedback and coaching based on observed practice after initial training. The author reflects on parallels between MI core processes and the characteristics found in 70 years of psychotherapy research to distinguish more effective therapists. This suggests that MI offers an evidence-based therapeutic style for delivering other treatments more effectively. The most common use of MI now is indeed in combination with other treatment methods such as cognitive behaviour therapies.

Motivational Interviewing: Reducing Social Desirability Bias and Stress Vulnerability in Adults

“…The sustained effects of the intervention observed at the four-month follow-up highlight MI's potential for long-term impact. The durability of these effects suggests that MI not only facilitates immediate behavioral changes but also promotes enduring personal growth and resilience (Miller, 2023). This finding is particularly significant given the challenges associated with maintaining behavioral changes over time.…”

“…Future research should aim to replicate these results in larger and more diverse populations to enhance the external validity of the findings. Additionally, while the study provides valuable insights into the short-and medium-term effects of MI, longer-term follow-up assessments are needed to determine the sustainability of the intervention's impact over extended periods (Miller, 2023).…”

“…Each session builds on the previous one, fostering self-awareness, personal motivation, and coping strategies. MI is a clientcentered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence (Carroll et al, 2006;Hettema et al, 2005;Lundahl et al, 2010;Miller, 2023;Miller & Rose, 2009;Moyers et al, 2005;Sayegh et al, 2017).…”

“…Developed by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s, MI has its roots in the treatment of substance use disorders but has since been applied across a variety of settings and behaviors (Miller & Rose, 2009). This client-centered, directive method is founded on principles of empathy, autonomy, and collaboration, aiming to enhance intrinsic motivation to change through the exploration and resolution of ambivalence (Miller, 2023). MI's efficacy and versatility have led to its application in addressing social desirability and vulnerability to stress, two critical psychological constructs that significantly impact well-being.…”

“…MI aims to facilitate movement through these stages by resolving ambivalence and strengthening commitment to change. The technique's emphasis on empathy and support aligns with humanistic psychology principles, particularly Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy, which prioritizes the therapeutic alliance and the client's capacity for self-directed growth (Miller, 2023).…”