The evolution of mid Paleocene-early Eocene coral communities: How to survive during rapid global warming

Zamagni, Jessica; Mutti, Maria; Košir, Adrijan

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.12.010

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Indeed, in their description of some of the earliest Acropora fossils, Wallace & Rosen (2006) suggest that these early corals grew on patch reefs similar to those found today in Moreton Bay, Australia; a marginal high-sediment system with small coral-bearing outcrops. This patch-reef configuration appears to have been widespread in the Paleocene and Eocene (Zamagni et al, 2012). Eocene corals in the Bolca region likewise appear to have been associated with patch reefs.…”

Section: Three Major Phases In the Evolution Of Fishes And Coralmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This stasis in early Cenozoic reefs is also reflected in their biogeography. Throughout this period coral reefs and reef-associated taxa were centred in the West Tethys Zamagni, Mutti & Košir, 2012). It was not until the Oligocene-Miocene that a major shift in the biogeographic distributions of coral reefs occurred, with a move to the IAA.…”

Section: Three Major Phases In the Evolution Of Fishes And Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it may be that reef flats were not a common habitat prior to the Miocene. From the Cretaceous and throughout the early Cenozoic corals did not aggregate and build extensive reef systems as we see them today, despite the presence of modern coral genera, multiserial growth forms, high diversities and a strong likelihood of many zooxanthellate forms (Wood, 1999;Zamagni et al, 2012;Papazzoni et al, 2014b;Johnson et al, 2015). It has even been suggested that corals, especially in the IAA biodiversity hotspot, only colonized shallow reef areas in relatively recent times, although the timing is unclear (Mihaljević et al, 2014).…”

Section: (B) An Increase In the Range Of Habitats Occupied By Corals mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

2016

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Coral reefs are renowned for their spectacular biodiversity and the close links between fishes and corals. Despite extensive fossil records and common biogeographic histories, the evolution of these two key groups has rarely been considered together. We therefore examine recent advances in molecular phylogenetics and palaeoecology, and place the evolution of fishes and corals in a functional context. In critically reviewing the available fossil and phylogenetic evidence, we reveal a marked congruence in the evolution of the two groups. Despite one group consisting of swimming vertebrates and the other colonial symbiotic invertebrates, fishes and corals have remarkably similar evolutionary histories. In the Paleocene and Eocene [66-34 million years ago (Ma)] most modern fish and coral families were present, and both were represented by a wide range of functional morphotypes. However, there is little evidence of diversification at this time. By contrast, in the Oligocene and Miocene (34-5.3 Ma), both groups exhibited rapid lineage diversification. There is also evidence of increasing reef area, occupation of new habitats, increasing coral cover, and potentially, increasing fish abundance. Functionally, the Oligocene-Miocene is marked by the appearance of new fish and coral taxa associated with high-turnover fast-growth ecosystems and the colonization of reef flats. It is in this period that the functional characteristics of modern coral reefs were established. Most species, however, only arose in the last 5.3 million years (Myr; Plio-Pleistocene), with the average age of fish species being 5.3 Myr, and corals just 1.9 Myr. While these species are genetically distinct, phenotypic differences are often limited to variation in colour or minor morphological features. This suggests that the rapid increase in biodiversity during the last 5.3 Myr was not matched by changes in ecosystem function. For reef fishes, colour appears to be central to recent diversification. However, the presence of pigment patterns in the Eocene suggests that colour may not have driven recent diversification. Furthermore, the lack of functional changes in fishes or corals over the last 5 Myr raises questions over the role and importance of biodiversity in shaping the future of coral reefs.

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Section: Three Major Phases In the Evolution Of Fishes And Coralmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Three Major Phases In the Evolution Of Fishes And Coralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) An Increase In the Range Of Habitats Occupied By Corals mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

2016

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“…Surgeonfishes and rabbitfishes in the central Tethys during the Palaeocene–Eocene had morphological features associated with the exploitation of benthic resources that were not present in Mesozoic fishes (Bellwood, ). Although Palaeogene reefs from the central Tethys differed markedly from present‐day coral reefs (Bellwood et al, ; Zamagni, Mutti, & Košir, ), they provided the ecological stage for the initial diversification of herbivorous fishes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical biogeography of herbivorous coral reef fishes: The formation of an Atlantic fauna

Siqueira

Bellwood

Cowman

2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim To describe the global biogeography of key herbivorous coral reef fish groups since their presumed origins, using data from both fossil and extant species. Location Global Cenozoic reefs. Taxon Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes), Siganidae (rabbitfishes) and Scarini (parrotfishes). Methods We applied the fossilized birth–death model to build chronograms including a comprehensive sampling of extant species and all the fossil occurrences described for each group. With the resulting chronograms, we built biogeographical models considering the geological changes in reef habitat availability since the ancient Tethys Sea. Finally, we used biogeographical stochastic mappings to trace the routes of colonization of the Atlantic Ocean by lineages in our focal taxa. Results We found that the Palaeocene–Eocene was a period of significant lineage origination for surgeonfishes and rabbitfishes in the central Tethys Sea with the appearance of ancient genera. Most of these genera were probably extinct by the Eocene–Oligocene boundary as they do not correspond with modern taxa. Parrotfishes, however, originated in the early Oligocene, an epoch that corresponds with the geographical transition of the marine biodiversity hotspot. In all groups, extant genera had similar origin times and all expanded in the Miocene, mainly in the Indo‐Pacific. In the Atlantic, only one parrotfish lineage with Tethyan ancestry appears to have survived. It subsequently gave rise to extant endemic genera (Sparisoma and Cryptotomus). The other extant lineages in the Atlantic all have Indo‐Pacific origins and colonized more recently using different dispersal pathways. Main conclusions The Indo‐Pacific herbivorous fish fauna is the result of ongoing lineage expansion that started in the central Tethys. The Atlantic is a composite fauna with just one endemic lineage and at least four colonization events from the Indo‐Pacific.

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“…Either the carbon release during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum was too slow to signifi cantly acidify surface water (e.g., Zachos et al, 2008;Ridgwell and Schmidt, 2010), or larger benthic foraminifera were relatively insensitive to variations in pH. Others organisms, especially aragonitic scleractinian corals, might have been more severely affected by changes in surface seawater pH during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, resulting in reduction of calcifi cation rates (Zamagni et al, 2012) and reef accretion (e.g., Kiessling and Simpson, 2011). Further studies, however, are necessary to add useful information to the debate about whether there was a signifi cant acidifi cation affecting shallow-water settings during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum.…”

Section: Ocean Acidifi Cation During the Paleoceneeocene Thermal Maximentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) in shallow-marine successions of the Adriatic carbonate platform (SW Slovenia)

Zamagni

Mutti

Ballato

et al. 2012

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum represents one of the most rapid and extreme warming events in the Cenozoic. Shallow-water stratigraphic sections from the Adriatic carbonate platform offer a rare opportunity to learn about the nature of Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and the effects on shallow-water ecosystems. We use carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, in conjunction with detailed larger benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, to establish a high-resolution paleoclimatic record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. A prominent negative excursion in 13C curves of bulk-rock (~1‰-3‰), matrix (~4‰), and foraminifera (~6‰) is interpreted as the carbon isotope excursion during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. The strongly 13C-depleted 13C record of our shallow-marine carbonates compared to open-marine records could result from organic matter oxidation, suggesting intensified weathering, runoff, and organic matter flux. The Ilerdian larger benthic foraminiferal turnover is documented in detail based on high-resolution correlation with the carbon isotopic excursion. The turnover is described as a two-step process, with the first step (early Ilerdian) marked by a rapid diversifi-cation of small alveolinids and nummulitids with weak adult dimorphism, possibly as adaptations to fluctuating Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum nutrient levels, and a second step (middle Ilerdian) characterized by a further specific diversification, increase of shell size, and well-developed adult dimorphism. Within an evolutionary scheme controlled by long-term biological processes, we argue that high seawater temperatures could have stimulated the early Ilerdian rapid specific diversification. Together, these data help elucidate the effects of global warming and associated feedbacks in shallow-water ecosystems, and by inference, could serve as an assessment analog for future changes. © 2012 Geological Society of America

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The evolution of mid Paleocene-early Eocene coral communities: How to survive during rapid global warming

Cited by 43 publications

References 109 publications

The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

The evolution of fishes and corals on reefs: form, function and interdependence

Historical biogeography of herbivorous coral reef fishes: The formation of an Atlantic fauna

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) in shallow-marine successions of the Adriatic carbonate platform (SW Slovenia)

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