The evolution of lean beef: Identifying lean beef in today's U.S. marketplace

McNeill, Shalene H.; Harris, Kerri B.; Field, Thomas G.; Elswyk, Mary E. Van

doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.05.023

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Results from the present study show that those consumers concerned about food lipid content and fatty acid profile should consider that there are differences in such variables between retail cuts. Based on total and saturated fatty acid content per serving, according to McNeill, Harris, Field, and Van Elswyk (2011) all samples from the different retail cuts evaluated, except UB and GB could claim to be "lean" (beef that contains b10 g total fat, ≤4.5 g saturated fat, and b 95 mg cholesterol per serving). Cholesterol content was not determined in all retail cuts; but all samples from the three retail cuts analyzed were under the proposed threshold of 95 mg (63.6, 68.4 and 82.1 mg per serving in the RE, ER and UB, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition and interrelationships among eight retail cuts of grass-feed beef

Paván

Duckett

2013

Meat Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition and interrelationships among eight retail cuts of grass-feed beef

Paván

Duckett

2013

Meat Science

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“…Dysfunctions in adipose tissue metabolism have become an important health concern as obesity has reached epidemic proportions [3] with approximately a quarter of the world’s population being overweight or obese [4]. The consumption of high fat foods is clearly associated with obesity [5] and as a consequence both breeding and nutritional programs have focused on increasing the leanness of beef [6,7]. Meat is an important protein source and the world meat demand is projected to increase by 73% from 2010 to 2050 [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in bovine adipogenesis: genomic context, expression and function

Romao

Jin

et al. 2014

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs found to regulate several biological processes including adipogenesis. Understanding adipose tissue regulation is critical for beef cattle as fat is an important determinant of beef quality and nutrient value. This study analyzed the association between genomic context characteristics of miRNAs with their expression and function in bovine adipose tissue. Twenty-four subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from eight British-continental crossbred steers at 3 different time points. Total RNA was extracted and miRNAs were profiled using a miRNA microarray with expression further validated by qRT-PCR.ResultsA total of 224 miRNAs were detected of which 155 were expressed in all steers (n = 8), and defined as the core miRNAs of bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Core adipose miRNAs varied in terms of genomic location (59.5% intergenic, 38.7% intronic, 1.2% exonic, and 0.6% mirtron), organization (55.5% non-clustered and 44.5% clustered), and conservation (49% highly conserved, 14% conserved and 37% poorly conserved). Clustered miRNAs and highly conserved miRNAs were more highly expressed (p < 0.05) and had more predicted targets than non-clustered or less conserved miRNAs (p < 0.001). A total of 34 miRNAs were coordinately expressed, being part of six identified relevant networks. Two intronic miRNAs (miR-33a and miR-1281) were confirmed to have coordinated expression with their host genes, transcriptional factor SREBF2 and EP300 (a transcriptional co-activator of transcriptional factor C/EBPα), respectively which are involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting these miRNAs may also play a role in regulation of bovine lipid metabolism/adipogenesis. Furthermore, a total of 17 bovine specific miRNAs were predicted to be involved in the regulation of energy balance in adipose tissue.ConclusionsThese findings improve our understanding on the behavior of miRNAs in the regulation of bovine adipogenesis and fat metabolism as it reveals that miRNA expression patterns and functions are associated with miRNA genomic location, organization and conservation.

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“…Adipose tissue dysfunction has also become an important health concern and obesity is now considered as an epidemic condition [3] with more than 1.5 billion people worldwide being overweight or obese [4]. One of the concerns in the development of obesity is the increase of the consumption of high fat foods; therefore efforts have been made to increase the leanness of beef [5,6]. Meat is an important protein source and the world meat demand is projected to increase by 73% from 2010 to 2050 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Variations between Bovine Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots under Different Nutritional Regimes

Romao

Jin

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and metabolism. There is sparse understanding of the molecular regulation at the protein level of bovine adipose tissues, especially within different fat depots under different nutritional regimes. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in protein expression between bovine subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in steers fed different diets and to identify the potential regulatory molecular mechanisms of protein expression. Subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues were collected from 16 British-continental steers (15.5 month old) fed a high-fat diet (7.1% fat, n=8) or a control diet (2.7% fat, n=8). Protein expression was profiled using label free quantification LC-MS/MS and expression of selected transcripts was evaluated using qRT-PCR. A total of 682 proteins were characterized and quantified with fat depot having more impact on protein expression, altering the level of 51.0% of the detected proteins, whereas diet affected only 5.3%. Functional analysis revealed that energy production and lipid metabolism were among the main functions associated with differentially expressed proteins between fat depots, with visceral fat being more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat as proteins associated with lipid and energy metabolism were upregulated. The expression of several proteins was significantly correlated to subcutaneous fat thickness and adipocyte size, indicating their potential as adiposity markers. A poor correlation (r=0.245) was observed between mRNA and protein levels for 9 genes, indicating that many proteins may be subjected to post-transcriptional regulation. A total of 8 miRNAs were predicted to regulate more than 20% of lipid metabolism proteins differentially expressed between fat depots, suggesting that miRNAs play a role in adipose tissue regulation. Our results show that proteomic changes support the distinct metabolic and physiological characteristics observed between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots in cattle.

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The evolution of lean beef: Identifying lean beef in today's U.S. marketplace

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Fatty acid composition and interrelationships among eight retail cuts of grass-feed beef

Fatty acid composition and interrelationships among eight retail cuts of grass-feed beef

MicroRNAs in bovine adipogenesis: genomic context, expression and function

Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Variations between Bovine Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat Depots under Different Nutritional Regimes

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