The evolution of integrated access towards the ISDN

Glycerol citrate polyesters produced through heating without catalysis

“…We can presume in the future that the price of glycerol will continue to remain low and perhaps even continue to decline as biodiesel production escalates 2, 7. Industrial producers of glycerol are actively seeking new uses for this excess glycerol to increase the value for this product 2, 9. Several investigators have sought to use glycerol as a feedstock for microorganisms to produce high‐value chemical products such as succinic acid, propionic acid, ethanol, butanol, and hydrogen terephthaleate 8…”

Instrumental Physical Analysis of Microwaved Glycerol Citrate Foams

“…The US Federal mandates affecting biodiesel production include the Energy Policy Act which requires specific levels of alternative fuel usage in federal fleets and the Clean Air Act which requires all diesel fuel sold for onroad use to be ultra-low in sulfur emissions by 2006 [1][2][3]. This legislation has resulted in a number of governmental biodiesel incentive programs which contributed toward a US biodiesel market of 150 million gallons production in 2006 (double the 75 million gallons produced in 2005) and with 2 billion gallons expected by the year 2015 [2,3].…”

“…This legislation has resulted in a number of governmental biodiesel incentive programs which contributed toward a US biodiesel market of 150 million gallons production in 2006 (double the 75 million gallons produced in 2005) and with 2 billion gallons expected by the year 2015 [2,3]. Currently, the US biodiesel industry vegetable feed stocks output consist of 3.8 billion gallons of fats and oils annually.…”

“…Increasing biodiesel production has resulted in plunging glycerol prices coupled with its excessive production. With the increased production of biodiesel, commercialization of the coproducts (i.e., glycerol) generated by this industry is becoming increasingly important [2,3,5,6]. Developing higher valued products from glycerol would improve the economics of the biodiesel industry.…”

“…Developing higher valued products from glycerol would improve the economics of the biodiesel industry. The historic markets for glycerol (e.g., food additives, and health and cosmetic products) are already saturated; therefore, new products are needed to utilize this platform-based chemical [2]. According to Werpy and Petersen [7], glycerol holds the potential of being a versatile building block from the biorefinery but glycerol product markets are still small and fragmentary.…”