The evolution of home modification programs in Japan

Housing Assessment Tools Developed or Adapted for Use in East and Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review

“…In contrast, when WeHSA was adapted for use in Japan, it was considerably modified to account for common Japanese customs and housing designs, such as level differences at the entrance for placing shoes, seating on the floor (tatami), and lying on the futon mattress instead of a bed. These specifics impact the layout and characteristics of homes in Japan, and home modification techniques developed in Europe or North America can therefore not be directly applied (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002). It should be emphasized that such modifications of an original instrument always requires renewed psychometric testing before it can be validly and reliably used.…”

“…The characteristics of the home environment vary worldwide, and are closely related to the local culture, climate and lifestyle (Muramatsu et al, 1999;. For example, in contrast to traditional European homes, traditional homes in Japan often have multiple floors to compensate for limited space, narrow hallways and stairs, and bathing rooms that are separated from the toilet (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002). Therefore, it is essential to develop housing assessment tools and evaluation indicators that take cultural specifics into account for valid research and an evidence-based approach to policy recommendations targeting the home environment in Asian countries.…”

Successful Aging

“…A maximum of 2,000 dollars is allowed for all six types of renovations (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002). A maximum of 2,000 dollars is allowed for all six types of renovations (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002).…”

Determinants of the Implementation of Home Evaluations among Patients with Fall-Related Fractures at a Convalescent Rehabilitation Ward in Tokyo: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…To give an example, housing in Tokyo is congested compared to other parts of Japan, and the average floor space is 63.5 m 2 in Tokyo, while the national average is 93.0 m 2 (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, 2015). Many houses are small and often consist of multiple floors to compensate for the limited space and cater to the high population density (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002). The conditions in the private living spaces located on the second floor ensure a higher risk of relocation (Granbom et al, 2019), and the narrow size and layouts of dwellings are also unsuitable for people with disabilities (Makigami & Pynoos, 2002).…”