2004
DOI: 10.1038/nrg1292
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The evolution of genetic regulatory systems in bacteria

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Cited by 141 publications
(116 citation statements)
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“…For example, the lac operon, which enables the mammalian commensal E. coli to use lactose as the sole carbon source, is absent from the related enteric species Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which cannot grown on lactose as the sole carbon source (28). However, such ecological properties may result from the distinct regulation of genes that related species have in common (30)(31)(32). For instance, differences in quantitative properties, such as the level and timing of expression of polymyxin B resistance genes, mediate phenotypic differences in resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin B in enteric bacteria (33).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the lac operon, which enables the mammalian commensal E. coli to use lactose as the sole carbon source, is absent from the related enteric species Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which cannot grown on lactose as the sole carbon source (28). However, such ecological properties may result from the distinct regulation of genes that related species have in common (30)(31)(32). For instance, differences in quantitative properties, such as the level and timing of expression of polymyxin B resistance genes, mediate phenotypic differences in resistance to the antibiotic polymyxin B in enteric bacteria (33).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because of the dynamic changes in the cross-reactive affinities, it is not possible to cancel the errors out by a basal level of expression. Secondly, lateral gene transfer (14,15) can introduce exogenous regulatory proteins that can interact with the site, especially when the site is free from its cognate interaction partner. A final source of error arises from residual binding of the designated regulator in its inactive form to its own site: in many cases, the affinity of the inactive regulator is only about one to two orders of magnitude lower than its affinity in the active state (1).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bacteria have evolved a diverse set of regulatory pathways that govern various adaptive responses to survive under rapidly changing environmental conditions (40), and feedback loops are common elements of cellular regulatory circuits (15). Feedback regulation is critical for virulence in bacterial pathogens (76), and positive feedback is thought to shape response timing to allow the rapid expression of necessary genes when activated by certain stimuli (43,67).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%