The Evolution of Gender and Motherhood in Contemporary Medicine

Boulis, Ann K.

doi:10.1177/0002716204268923

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Female physicians, for example, are less likely to have children than women in other occupational groups, although the fertility gap appears to be narrowing. Further, among those with children, women in other occupations have children at younger ages than do physicians (Boulis 2004). Among African-American female attorneys, the strategies and methods for balancing work and family have evolved over different historical periods (Blair-Loy and DeHart 2003).…”

Section: Occupational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing of Childbirth and Family-to-Work Conflict

Bulanda

Lippmann

2012

Sociological Focus

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Section: Occupational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing of Childbirth and Family-to-Work Conflict

Bulanda

Lippmann

2012

Sociological Focus

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“…However research on lawyers (Noonan et al 2005), physicians (Boulis 2004) and scientists (Prokos and Padavic 2005) indicates otherwise. Sex-based inequalities have not abated, despite women entering these professions in significant numbers.…”

Section: • Social Forces 88(2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Differential Valuation of Women's Work: A New Look at the Gender Gap in Lawyers' Incomes

2009

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This article seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the gender wage gap among new lawyers. Relying on nationally representative data to examine the salaries of lawyers working fulltime in private practice, we find a gender gap of about 5 percent. Identifying four mechanisms -work profiles, opportunity paths and structures, credentials, and legal markets -we first estimate how much of the gap stems from the differential valuation of women's endowments; second, we estimate the effects of different endowments for men and women; and third we assess both these possibilities. The analyses indicate that none of these mechanisms can fully account for the gender gap. Experimental studies that indicate women's work is less valued and rewarded than men's suggest new directions for research on gendered compensation.Across occupations, it is professional women who experience the largest withinjob gender wage gap (Peterson and Morgan 1995). The disparity emerges quickly, with a small gender wage gap among college graduates, then widens over time (Dey and Hill 2007; Maume 2004) -so that as women's professional careers progress, they lose ground in cumulative fashion (Peterson and Saporta 2004; Valian 1998). Yet with the unprecedented numbers of women entering professional careers in recent decades, the sources and the extent of this initial wage gap for the most recent cohort remain elusive.Early work attributed this persistent inequality to a comparatively small number of women in professions (Kanter 1977). However even with the recent surge in the number of women joining the professions (Spraggins 2005; Wootton 1997), it remains unclear whether this influx of women has now leveled the occupational terrain. Across different professions, studies indicate conflicting findings about whether the longstanding pattern of inequity is ending for these new cohorts (Bertrand and Hallock 2001;Blair-Loy and Wharton 2004;Morgan 1998;Noonan et al. 2005;Prokos and Padavic 2005). For example, Morgan's work on engineers suggests a generational convergence in male and female salaries, with the gender gap among younger cohorts of engineers now close to nil (see also Petersen and Morgan 1995).

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“…Medicine represents one case where progress has been seen (Boulis, 2004;Boulis & Jacobs, 2008;Crompton & Lyonette, 2011;Lapeyre & Le Feuvre 2005;Linehan, Sweeney, Boylan, Meghen, & O' Flynn, 2013;Miller & Clark, 2008;Rosende, 2008;Riska, 1993) and Portugal proves no exception (Machado, 2003;Marques, 2011). In the last two decades, the number of women in medicine rose nationally by twelve percentage points, up from 11,385 female doctors (40%), out of a total of 28,326 in 1991 to 23,637 (52%) out of 45,289 in 201345,289 in (PORDATA, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numbers do not tell the whole story: Gender and medicine in Portugal

Santos

Amâncio

Roux

2015

Women's Studies International Forum

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Despite a progressive increase in the number of women in medicine, gender inequalities remain. This article presents a study analyzing the gender dynamics of tokenism in the medical field in Portugal, through the experiences of male specialists in female areas and female specialists in male areas and through their strategies for coping with such situations.We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with nine female doctors and eight male doctors aged between 32 and 62 years old. Results show the links between tokenism dynamics and gender asymmetry in medicine, putting female tokens at a disadvantage in relation to male tokens. Token positions occasionally produce gender arrangements but, all things considered, do not transform female and male positions either in the medical field or in the private sphere. We conclude that tokenism contributes to maintaining the gender social order.

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The Evolution of Gender and Motherhood in Contemporary Medicine

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

The Timing of Childbirth and Family-to-Work Conflict

The Timing of Childbirth and Family-to-Work Conflict

The Differential Valuation of Women's Work: A New Look at the Gender Gap in Lawyers' Incomes

Numbers do not tell the whole story: Gender and medicine in Portugal

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