The evolution of flower longevity in unpredictable pollination environments

Xu, Kuangyi; Servedio, Maria R.

doi:10.1111/jeb.13936

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Following previous models (Ashman and Schoen 1994, Xu and Servedio 2021), for a flower with longevity T , the female and male fitness of a flower are …”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the resource allocation theory, evolutionary models of flower longevity show that larger flower longevity is selected under lower rates of pollen deposition and removal, and a lower maintenance cost of flowers (Ashman and Schoen 1994). Moreover, larger flower longevity can be selected under greater variations of the pollination rate within and between flowering seasons (Xu and Servedio 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the pollination rate rises to be high later, early senescence can be disadvantageous since although some resources are saved, early senescence may cause a much lower level of pollen deposition and removal compared to longer-lived flowers. Moreover, stochasticity in the pollination environment can happen within or/and between flowering seasons (Arroyo 2013, Duan 2007, Blair 2007, Pacheco 2016), which may have different effects on the evolution of the plasticity of flower longevity (Xu and Servedio 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of pollination-induced plasticity of flower longevity

2023

Preprint

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In many plants, pollen deposition or removal can lead to early flower senescence, while flowers will live longer when pollination is excluded, and the strength of this pollination-induced plasticity of flower longevity varies across populations. This study builds models to investigate the evolution of the plasticity of flower longevity through group and individual selection under stochastic pollination environments. Generally, stronger plasticity evolves when female and male fitness accrual rates are higher and more volatile, and the evolution of plasticity is also strongly affected by daily maintenance cost of flowers relative to construction costs. Group selection only selects for plasticity in the female function (i.e., ovule fertilization) but not in the male function (i.e., pollen removal), and plasticity is optimal in maximizing fitness only when saved resources through plasticity greatly enhance individual fitness. Plasticity is more likely to evolve under individual selection, but under the same pollination environment, any combination of the plasticity in female and male functions that adds up to a certain overall strength of plasticity can be evolutionarily stable. Given the fact that plasticity in the male function is rare in hermaphroditic populations, the plasticity of flower longevity may evolve mainly through group selection instead of individual selection.

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“…Following previous models (Ashman and Schoen 1994, Xu and Servedio 2021), for a flower with longevity T , the female and male fitness of a flower are …”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of pollination-induced plasticity of flower longevity

2023

Preprint

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“…Drone data could be useful for examining how floral patches change in terms of their reward availability to pollinators (for a review see Bloch et al, 2017). Drones could be particularly useful to studying changes to flower patches over fine temporal scales (Neumann et al, 2019) especially when the floral species or its pollinators are only available for short periods of time (Xu and Servedio, 2021), and to track the development of individual flowers in patches containing mixed floral species. Shifts in flowering time within mixed floral patches may not be apparent when the whole patch is studied as a single unit.…”

Section: How Do Floral Patches Change Over Time?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Floral Resources for Pollinators – New Horizons From Satellites to Drones

2022

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Insect pollinators are affected by the spatio-temporal distribution of floral resources, which are dynamic across time and space, and also influenced heavily by anthropogenic activities. There is a need for spatial data describing the time-varying spatial distribution of flowers, which can be used within behavioral and ecological studies. However, this information is challenging to obtain. Traditional field techniques for mapping flowers are often laborious and limited to relatively small areas, making it difficult to assess how floral resources are perceived by pollinators to guide their behaviors. Conversely, remote sensing of plant traits is a relatively mature technique now, and such technologies have delivered valuable data for identifying and measuring non-floral dynamics in plant systems, particularly leaves, stems and woody biomass in a wide range of ecosystems from local to global scales. However, monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of plant floral resources has been notably scarce in remote sensing studies. Recently, lightweight drone technology has been adopted by the ecological community, offering a capability for flexible deployment in the field, and delivery of centimetric resolution data, providing a clear opportunity for capturing fine-grained information on floral resources at key times of the flowering season. In this review, we answer three key questions of relevance to pollination science – can remote sensing deliver information on (a) how isolated are floral resources? (b) What resources are available within a flower patch? And (c) how do floral patches change over time? We explain how such information has potential to deepen ecological understanding of the distribution of floral resources that feed pollinators and the parameters that determine their navigational and foraging choices based on the sensory information they extract at different spatial scales. We provide examples of how such data can be used to generate new insights into pollinator behaviors in distinct landscape types and their resilience to environmental change.

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“…Second, extended longevity could indirectly increase outcross pollination because longevity affects the number of open flowers on a plant (i.e., daily display size; Harder and Johnson, 2005), and plants with larger displays can attract more pollinators (Ohashi and Yahara, 2001). Despite the potential for extended floral longevity to help plants maintain seed production as pollinators decline, models of the evolution of longevity have not incorporated plasticity (Schoen and Ashman, 1995; Xu and Servedio, 2021). However, the evolution of plasticity in longevity could be limited if extended floral longevity incurs costs of corolla maintenance that reduce seed production (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasticity in floral longevity and sex‐phase duration of Lobelia siphilitica in response to simulated pollinator declines

Lee

Caruso

2022

American J of Botany

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Pollinator declines can reduce the quantity and quality of pollination services, resulting in less pollen deposited on flowers and lower seed production by plants. In response to these reductions, plant species that cannot autonomously selfpollinate and thus are dependent on pollinators to set seed could plastically adjust their floral traits. Such plasticity could increase the opportunity for outcross pollination directly, as well as indirectly by affecting inflorescence traits. Methods: To test whether plants can respond to pollinator declines by plastically adjusting their floral traits, we simulated declines by experimentally reducing pollinator access to Lobelia siphilitica plants and measuring two traits of early-and late-season flowers: (1) floral longevity; and (2) sex-phase duration. To test whether plasticity in these floral traits affected inflorescence traits, we measured daily display size and phenotypic gender. Results: We found that experimentally reducing pollination did not affect femalephase duration, but did extend the male-phase duration of early-season flowers by 13% and the longevity of late-season flowers by 12.8%. However, plants with an extended male phase did not have a more male-biased phenotypic gender, and plants with an extended floral longevity did not have a larger daily display. Conclusions: Our results suggest that plants can respond to pollinator declines by plastically adjusting both the longevity and sex-phase duration of their flowers. If this plasticity increases the opportunity for outcross pollination, then it could be one mechanism by which pollinator-dependent plant species maintain seed production as pollinators decline.

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The evolution of flower longevity in unpredictable pollination environments

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Evolution of pollination-induced plasticity of flower longevity

Evolution of pollination-induced plasticity of flower longevity

Remote Sensing of Floral Resources for Pollinators – New Horizons From Satellites to Drones

Plasticity in floral longevity and sex‐phase duration of Lobelia siphilitica in response to simulated pollinator declines

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