The evolution of floral deception in Epipactis veratrifolia (Orchidaceae): from indirect defense to pollination

Jin, Xiao; Ren, Zong‐Xin; Xu, Song; Hong, Wang; D, Li; Li, Zheng Yu

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-63

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although the flowers of both S. umbrosa and E. helleborine reward their visitors with nectar, those of Epipactis veratrifolia produce no reward, but emit terpenoids that constitute the alarm pheromone of aphids. This signal attracts hover flies that lay eggs on flowers (their larval stage feeds on aphids) and also pollinate the flowers (Stökl et al ., ; Jin et al ., ). Thus, pre‐existing bias can, but does not always, lead to the evolution of rewardless flowers.…”

Section: Why Do Pollinators Use Floral Scent?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

2015

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571I.571II.572III.575IV.575V.575576References576 Summary Floral volatiles are complex, multi‐functional signals that are often used by pollinators in combination with other signals, such as color. Floral visitors use floral scent to estimate the amount of reward present in flowers, to facilitate the identification of a specific host flower or as signals that chemically resemble those important for pollinator insects in other ecological contexts. There is good evidence that floral scent evolves under selection imposed by both mutualists and antagonists. Antagonists may often limit the amount of scent emitted by flowers, thus contributing to spatial population variation, and select for phenotypic plasticity after enemy attack. Floral scent is also an important component of pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation, as it often co‐varies with color and morphology in sister species with different pollination systems.

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Section: Why Do Pollinators Use Floral Scent?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

2015

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“…In particular, the emission of floral scents plays an important role in attracting specific insects. For example, E. helleborine and E. purpurata have been shown to attract social wasps of the genus Vespula (Vespula germanica and V. vulgaris) (Brodmann et al, 2008), whereas E. atrorubens and E. veratrifolia mainly attract Bombus (Brodmann et al, 2008;Jakubska-Busse & Kadej, 2011) and specific hoverflies (Suetsugu, 2013;Jinn et al, 2014), respectively. The use of specific scent profiles and lack of showy colours makes these Epipactis species often entirely ignored by other potential pollinators, despite their large nectar reward (Claessens & Kleynen, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe outbreeding and inbreeding depression maintain mating system differentiation inEpipactis(Orchidaceae)

Brys

Jacquemyn

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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In hermaphroditic plants, theory for mating system evolution predicts that populations will evolve to either complete autonomous selfing (AS) or complete outcrossing, depending on the balance between automatic selection favouring self-fertilization and costs resulting from inbreeding depression (ID). Theory also predicts that selection for selfing can occur rapidly and is driven by purging of genetic load and the loss of ID. Therefore, selfing species are predicted to have low levels of ID or even to suffer from outbreeding depression (OD), whereas predominantly outcrossing species are expected to have high levels of ID. To test these predictions, we related the capacity of AS to the magnitude of early-acting inbreeding or OD in both allogamous and autogamous species of the orchid genus Epipactis. For each species, the level of AS was assessed under controlled greenhouse conditions, whereas hand-pollinations were performed to quantify early costs of inbreeding or OD acting at the level of fruit and seed production. In the autogamous species, the capacity of AS was high (> 0.72), whereas in the allogamous species AS was virtually absent (< 0.10). Consistent with our hypothesis, allogamous Epipactis species had significantly higher total ID (average: 0.46) than autogamous species, which showed severe costs of OD (average: -0.45). Overall, our findings indicate that strong early-acting ID represents an important mechanism that contributes to allogamy in Epipactis, whereas OD may maintain selfing in species that have evolved to complete selfing.

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“…& Hohen. (Epidendroideae; Ivri & Dafni, ; Stökl et al ., ; Jin et al ., ). Pollination of orchid flowers by Eristalis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which food-mimic floral traits and environmental factors influence fecundity in a rare orchid,Calanthe yaoshanensis?

et al. 2014

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Orchid species that are food mimics produce fewer fruits than species offering rewards, but few studies have shown the impact of environmental factors (e.g. anthropogenic activity, frost and herbivores) on their reproductive success over several seasons. In this study, we focused on the sole population of the endangered Calanthe yaoshanensis as it secretes no nectar. We investigated its floral biology, fruit set rates and prevailing environmental factors over three seasons (2008–2010). Mechanical self‐pollination did not occur in C. yaoshanensis, but hand‐selfed and crossed flowers produced equal numbers of fruit. However, seed viability and embryo size were significantly higher in cross‐pollinated fruits maximizing embryonic fitness. Large hoverflies (Syrphidae) and Bombus patagiatus (gynes) were the only pollinarium vectors, but they often failed to disperse pollinaria. We interpret the temporary retention of the anther cap over the pollinarium as an adaptation lowering self‐pollination. Insect‐mediated rates of pollinarium removal were always higher than rates of pollinia deposition on stigmas. Over 3 years, natural rates of pollinarium removal differed significantly, whereas natural rates of fruit set were not significantly different (< 22%). Climate, herbivory and anthropogenic collections also inhibited some fruit set and maturation. Both biotic and abiotic factors appear to lower the fecundity of this endangered population. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 176, 421–433.

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The evolution of floral deception in Epipactis veratrifolia (Orchidaceae): from indirect defense to pollination

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

Ecology and evolution of floral volatile‐mediated information transfer in plants

Severe outbreeding and inbreeding depression maintain mating system differentiation inEpipactis(Orchidaceae)

Which food-mimic floral traits and environmental factors influence fecundity in a rare orchid,Calanthe yaoshanensis?

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