“The Evolution of Eyebrow Morphology: The Westmore Model Revisited”

Jabbour, Samer; Nasr, Marwan; Kechichian, Elio; Aderian, Sandrine S.; Nseir, Iad; Levan, Philippe; Noël, W.

doi:10.1111/ijd.14039

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…36 The difference in the importance in eyebrows can be seen in everyday life; women are generally more likely to accentuate their eyebrows by using make-up and/or epilation. 37,38 The need for the brow adjustment could be based on the gender-based ideal conception of eyebrows. Males ideally have thicker eyebrows overlying the orbital rim with no arch, whereas females ideally have thinner eyebrows above the orbital rim with an arch peaking in the lateral third.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair loss, however, has been shown to cause confidence issues in men, which makes this theory less likely 36 . The difference in the importance in eyebrows can be seen in everyday life; women are generally more likely to accentuate their eyebrows by using make-up and/or epilation 37,38 . The need for the brow adjustment could be based on the gender-based ideal conception of eyebrows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Perception of Esthetic Importance of Craniofacial Elements

Cruchten

Feijen

Hulst

2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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The human face is an important human structure, often judged by its esthetics. It serves great purpose, as it is and always has been involved in both cultural matters, such as art, as well as biological matters, such as exhibition of emotion and mate selection. Throughout history, there have been multiple studies on what makes a face attractive. Despite the myriad ways in which the face has been explored academically, there has been a lack of reports on which craniofacial elements are deemed the most important for attractiveness subjectively. To fill up this gap on the perception of the esthetics of the human face, as well as to provide a contemporary view on the matter, this research was conducted. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with a visual analogue scale for each craniofacial element and questions about appearance satisfaction. A total of 299 participants were enrolled in this study. Eyes, hair and teeth were deemed to be the most important craniofacial elements for attractiveness. Women scored teeth, hair, and eyebrows significantly higher than men, men scored higher in satisfaction with their own appearance than women. Older people, married people and people in a relationship care less about the opinion of others regarding their appearance. The results from this study can be used to identify a focus in the future development of esthetically related matters, such as plastic surgery or art and will add to the academic knowledge on the perception of craniofacial beauty.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Esthetic Importance of Craniofacial Elements

Cruchten

Feijen

Hulst

2021

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…AA can affect hair on the scalp, face, or elsewhere on the body, with eyebrows and/or eyelashes involved in 76% of patients (Liu and King, 2019). Eyebrow involvement can be particularly distressing, as the eyebrow is a defining facial feature important not only for aesthetics but also for communication, emotional expression, and identity (Harries et al, 2010;Hunt and McHale, 2005;Jabbour et al, 2018;Yalçınkaya et al, 2016). There is no validated instrument to evaluate the degree of eyebrow hair loss in patients with AA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brigham Eyebrow Tool for Alopecia: A Reliable Assessment of Eyebrow Alopecia Areata

Tkachenko

Huang

et al. 2020

Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings

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“…[8][9][10][11] The concept of eyebrow beauty has changed over time. 12,13 In the middle of the 20th century, the "ideal brow" was believed to be most attractive with a central arch. Westmore proposed a more "modern" brow shape in 1974 with the maximal height of the female brow (arch) lying vertically in line with the lateral limbus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eyebrow Shape Preference Across Age, Gender, and Self-reported Ethnic Group

2023

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BACKGROUND Preference in eyebrow shape has been studied in young women, but less so in older adults, men, and a wide variety of ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE To identify preference in eyebrow shape across age groups, genders, and ethnic groups for both the survey responder and the observed subject. METHODS Digital images of subjects from 3 age groups (18-39, 40-59, and 60+ years), 2 genders (female and male), and 4 self-identified ethnic backgrounds were edited to correspond to 5 brow shapes (Anastasia, head-up, horizontal, rounded, and tail-up). Panels of images representing the same subject with different brow shapes were displayed and responders ranked them in order of attractiveness via an online survey. RESULTS Six hundred fifty-two responders answered the survey. Survey responders generally preferred the Anastasia shape, but not in all subgroups. Strength of preference in eyebrow shape was more marked when observing images of women and less marked when observing men. CONCLUSION An arched brow, such as the Anastasia shape, was the preferred eyebrow shape. This study is limited by its survey nature, underrepresentation of self-identified Black study responders, and categorization of data. Despite these findings, the authors advocate determining eyebrow shape preference individually with patients during cosmetic consultations.

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“The Evolution of Eyebrow Morphology: The Westmore Model Revisited”

Abstract: Eyebrow morphology has evolved since the description of the Westmore model. Our model represents a simple way to accurately predict the eyebrow landmarks according to the modern ideals of beauty.

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

The Perception of Esthetic Importance of Craniofacial Elements

The Perception of Esthetic Importance of Craniofacial Elements

Brigham Eyebrow Tool for Alopecia: A Reliable Assessment of Eyebrow Alopecia Areata

Eyebrow Shape Preference Across Age, Gender, and Self-reported Ethnic Group

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