The evolution of extended parental care in glassfrogs: Do egg‐clutch phenotypes mediate coevolution between the sexes?

Delia, Jesse; Bravo‐Valencia, Laura; Warkentin, Karen M.

doi:10.1002/ecm.1411

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Overall, we found that parental care behavior in Centrolene peristicta and Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi is performed exclusively by males that care for their clutches for over 2 or 3 weeks in their breeding territories, preventing embryo dehydration, fungus infection and predation, as observed in previous studies 19 , 22 , 27 . Regarding our adoption experiments, attending males of C. peristicta and H. chirripoi cared for unrelated clutches in their territories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Alloparental care in glassfrogs: males care for unrelated clutches only when associated with their own

Valencia-Aguilar

Guayasamín

Prado

2021

Sci Rep

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Parental care is costly, thus theory predicts that parents should avoid caring for unrelated offspring. However, alloparenting has been reported in many taxa because it may increase the caregiver mating success or offspring survival. We experimentally investigated the existence of allopaternal care in two glassfrog species, Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi and Centrolene peristicta, and discussed possible costs and benefits. Males mated with multiple females and cared for clutches, while continued to call. In the field, we randomly placed unrelated clutches in the territory of males already caring for their clutches and in the territory of non-attending males. Attending males adopted unrelated clutches, whereas non-attending males abandoned their territories. Once males adopted unrelated offspring, they cared for all clutches in a similar frequency and gained new clutches. Alloparenting was context-dependent, as only males already caring for their clutches adopted unrelated ones. We suggest that steroid hormonal levels might mediate the adoption of unrelated offspring by attending males. Additionally, our results suggest that males do not directly discriminate between related and unrelated offspring. Alloparenting has been widely investigated in different vertebrates, except for amphibians. Thus, our study sheds light on the roles of alloparenting for offspring survival and mating success in this group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Alloparental care in glassfrogs: males care for unrelated clutches only when associated with their own

Valencia-Aguilar

Guayasamín

Prado

2021

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, two species of glass frogs in the study area (Centrolene savagei, "Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995) have clutches without or with only a thin jelly layer, respectively, but during our sampling and previous studies, we did not record fly larvae in their clutches (Rios-Soto et al 2017, 2020. In spite of said potential cost associated with infestation by fly larvae, comparative analyses and experimental evidence demonstrate for glass frogs that an egg clutch with a thick jelly layer and reduced parental care by females (as in N. grandisonae) exhibit a similar overall survivorship to egg clutches with a reduced jelly layer and extended parental care by males (Delia et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…under roots and fallen trunks, cavities in the ground) (Crump 1974, Wells 2007, Ortiz-Ross et al 2020. In the case of N. grandisonae, clutches are laid on leaves and thus, during development, embryos are exposed to environmental conditions that make them dependent on the presence of rainfall and temperature for survival and development (Ospina-Sarria et al 2011, Delia et al 2020. Therefore, we did not expect the absence of a relationship between the number of clutches of N. grandisonae and the levels of environmental temperature and precipitation we found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thick jelly layer in clutches laid out of water appears to be an adaptation that reduces mortality of embryos by desiccation and predation in glass frogs (Delia et al 2020), and possibly in other anuran lineages (Duellman and Trueb 1994, Altig and McDiarmid 2007, Wells 2007. However, it is possibly that in some species, for example N. grandisonae, such jelly matrix makes egg clutches especially susceptible to be infested by fly larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenology and mortality of embryos in a Colombian population of Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae)

et al. 2020

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Phenology and mortality of embryos in a Colombian population of Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae). Studies of phenology and natural history of anurans provide information useful for its conservation. This is particularly important in current scenarios of emergent diseases, high rates of deforestation, and climate change. We recorded the timing of breeding of the Glass Frog Nymphargus grandisonae and its relationship to precipitation and environmental temperature for four years in a population located in the Central Andes of Colombia, South America. In addition, we recorded the causes of mortality in egg clutches of this species. We quantified infestation by fly larvae and its impact on the survival of embryos. We found that the reproductive activity of N. grandisonae (number of males calling) was seasonal and occurred in months with highest precipitation. The main cause of embryo mortality in clutches was associated with the infestation by a spittlebug fly of the genus c.f. Cladochaeta (Drosophilidae). The survival of embryos in infested clutches was significantly lower than in those clutches not infested by fly larvae. Our results provide baseline data for the monitoring of anuran population dynamics in the Andean region using the glass frog N. grandisonae as a model system.

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“…Predation is a key driver for the evolution of parental care in amphibians [23]. There is strong evidence showing that parental care behaviours increase offspring survivorship [e.g., 24,30,69,[70][71][72][73][74].…”

Section: Predation Risk and Behavioural Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated evolution of parental care with dichromatism, colour, and patterns in anurans

Thaker¹

2021

Preprint

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Parental care is remarkably and widespread among vertebrates because of its clear fitness benefits. Caring however incurs energetic and ecological costs including increasing predation risk. Anurans have diverse forms of parental care, and we test whether the evolution of care is associated with morphology that minimizes predation risk. Specifically, we determine whether dichromatism, specific colours gradients, and patterns that enhance crypticity are associated with anurans that also evolve parental care. From our phylogenetic comparative analyses of 988 anurans distributed globally, we find that parental care is less likely to evolve in species with dichromatism. Contrary to our expectation, specific colours (Green-Brown, Red-Blue-Black, Yellow) and patterns (Plain, Spots, Mottled-Patches) were not associated with the evolution of caregiving behaviours. Only among species with male-only care did we find a positive association with the presence of Bars-Bands. The lack of strong associations between dorsal morphology and caregiving activities suggest that these colours and patterns may serve other functions and that predation risk of parental care is mediated in other ways. As a strongly sexually selected trait, dichromatism is an effective solution to attract mates, but we find here that its evolution appears to preclude the evolution of parental care behaviour in anurans.

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The evolution of extended parental care in glassfrogs: Do egg‐clutch phenotypes mediate coevolution between the sexes?

Cited by 30 publications

References 143 publications

Alloparental care in glassfrogs: males care for unrelated clutches only when associated with their own

Alloparental care in glassfrogs: males care for unrelated clutches only when associated with their own

Phenology and mortality of embryos in a Colombian population of Nymphargus grandisonae (Anura: Centrolenidae)

Correlated evolution of parental care with dichromatism, colour, and patterns in anurans

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