The evolution of current medical and popular attitudes toward ultraviolet light exposure: part 3

Albert, Michael R.; Ostheimer, Kristen G.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(03)00021-5

Cited by 85 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…[28][29][30] Sunscreen are often considered as tanning aid, 1,31 and advertising sometimes persuade sun seekers that sunscreens may ensure acquisition of a ''safe tan''. In spite of uncertainties about their exact role in melanoma and BCC occurrence, and in spite of recommendations that sunscreen use should just be an adjunct to other more natural forms of protection, such as use of hats, shirts, and search for shade, sunscreens remain the most frequently used sun protection method, mainly among adolescents and young adults, while in the same time, younger adults declare to be more likely to sunbathe deliberately than other people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: Still a burning issue

Autier

Boniol

Doré

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

193

144

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Sunscreen use is often proposed for sun protection because of their ability to block UV-induced sunburns (the sun protection factor -SPF). Among suntan seekers, however, risk of cutaneous melanoma may be increased because of extended sun exposure duration. We made a systematic review of the evidence linking sunscreen use to sun exposure duration. Five observational studies found that when sun exposure was associated with willingness to get a tan or to stay longer in the sun (i.e., intentional sun exposure), sunscreen use was associated with duration of sun exposure 13-39% longer. Paradoxically, sunburns tend to be more frequent among sunscreen users, probably because of greater natural sun sensitivity. When sun exposure was not intentional, sunscreen use did not increase time spent in the sun. Two European double-blind randomized trials conducted among young sun seekers found daily sun exposure duration, especially sunbathing, 19-25% longer with use of SPF 30 than with use of SPF 10 sunscreens. One randomized trial in a holiday resort in France found a 3-13% increase in sun exposure duration with use of SPF 12 versus SPF 40 sunscreen. But, the SPF 12 groups used 3.6-4.2 more sunscreen than the SPF 40 group, and thus the actual SPF in the SPF 12 group was higher than in the SPF 40 groups. In conclusion, sunscreen use leads to longer duration of sun exposure when sun exposure is intentional, but not when sun exposure is non intentional. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: Still a burning issue

Autier

Boniol

Doré

2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

193

144

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“…Unfortunately, practical considerations encompassing use of inadequate amounts of sunscreen and the popularity of tanning appear to limit the success of approaches aimed at reducing skin sun exposure. 54,55 A more direct strategy for preventing EGFR activation is the use of topical or systemic EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. For example, topical application of the EGFR kinase inhibitor genistein (which also has an antioxidant property) has been shown to inhibit UVB irradiation activation of EGFR in human skin 56 and to reduce skin cancer in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Critical Mediator of Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Signal Transduction in Immortalized Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

Voorhees

Fisher

2006

The American Journal of Pathology

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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a criticalUltraviolet (UV) irradiation is a potent carcinogen, capable of causing cell transformation and promotion of tumor formation. The shorter wavelength UVB region (290 to 310 nm) of the UV spectrum (290 to 400 nm) contains the most highly energetic photons. UVB irradiation causes DNA damage that can result in mutations stemming from imperfect DNA repair. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that UVB-induced cellular responses lead to skin damage, promoting an environment conducive to tumor formation.1-3 The mammalian UV response comprises UV activation of cell surface growth factor and cytokine receptors and their attendant downstream signal transduction machinery. UVB activation of four major families of growth factor receptors has been demonstrated: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and insulin receptor. 4 -8 In addition, UVB activates receptors for the primary cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-␣ and the death receptor Fas. -11

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“…7 The growth of the indoor tanning industry began in the 1970s. [45][46][47] Indoor tanning prevalence is highest among US adolescents with 24% of 13-to 19-year-olds reporting any use, and 11.7% reporting frequent use of $10 times. 48 A crosssectional US study also described similar findings with 24.6% of 15-to 19-year-old girls reporting having ever used tanning beds.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973–2009

Harris²,

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: The incidence of childhood and adolescent melanoma has been significantly increasing up to 2004. Risk factors (fair skin, light-colored hair/eyes, female gender, presence of nevi, family history, increased number of sunburns, and exposure to UV radiation) are associated with melanoma.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This study describes incidence trends of melanoma diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years and from 1973 through 2009 by gender, stage and age at diagnosis, primary site, and exposure to UV radiation. abstract OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescent melanoma is rare but has been increasing. To gain insight into possible reasons underlying this observation, we analyzed trends in melanoma incidence diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years among US whites by gender, stage, age at diagnosis, and primary site. We also investigated incidence trends by UV-B exposure levels.METHODS: By using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data (1973-2009), we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs), annual percent changes, and 95% confidence intervals for each category of interest. Incidence trends were also evaluated by using joinpoint and local regression models. SEER registries were categorized with respect to low or high UV-B radiation exposure. RESULTS:From 1973 through 2009, 1230 children of white race were diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Overall, pediatric melanoma increased by an average of 2% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.4%-2.7%). Girls, 15-to 19-year-olds, and individuals with low UV-B exposure had significantly higher IRs than boys, younger children, and those living in SEER registries categorized as high UV-B. Over the study period, boys experienced increased IRs for melanoma on the face and trunk, and females on the lower limbs and hip. The only decreased incidence trend we observed was among 15-to 19-yearolds in the high UV-B exposure group from 1985 through 2009. Local regression curves indicated similar patterns.CONCLUSIONS: These results may help elucidate possible risk factors for adolescent melanoma, but additional individual-level studies will be necessary to determine the reasons for increasing incidence trends.

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The evolution of current medical and popular attitudes toward ultraviolet light exposure: part 3

Cited by 85 publications

References 95 publications

Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: Still a burning issue

Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: Still a burning issue

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Critical Mediator of Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Signal Transduction in Immortalized Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973–2009

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