The Evolution of Carbon Allocation to Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Genetic Analysis of Cost in Diplacus aurantiacus

Han, Kaiping; Lincoln, David E.

doi:10.2307/2410247

Cited by 54 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…As predicted, we observed a negative genetic correlation between growth and defense among aspen clones. Although a number of other studies have documented physiological costs of defense, whether such costs have a genetic basis is rarely known (Han and Lincoln 1994). Such information is critical for improving our understanding of the evolution of plant chemical defense systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenotypic``costs'' of defense have typically been documented as negative correlations between allocation of resources to defense versus growth or seed production. As Adler et al (1995), Han and Lincoln (1994), and others have asserted, however, such studies have yielded con¯icting results, and in studies in which putative costs are detected, plant genotypes are rarely known. Knowledge of the genetic component of phenotypic costs of defense is essential for improving our understanding of the evolution of plant chemical defense systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clonal variation in foliar chemistry of aspen: effects on gypsy moths and forest tent caterpillars

1997

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Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) exhibits striking intraspecific variation in concentrations of phenolic glycosides, compounds that play important roles in mediating interactions with herbivorous insects. This research was conducted to assess the contribution of genetic variation to overall phenotypic variation in aspen chemistry and interactions with gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar) and forest tent caterpillars (Malacosoma disstria). Thirteen aspen clones were propagated from field-collected root material. Insect performance assays, measuring survival, development, growth, and food utilization indices, were conducted with second and/or fourth instars. Leaf samples were assayed for water, nitrogen, total nonstructural carbohydrates, condensed tannins, and phenolic glycosides. Results showed substantial among-clone variation in the performance of both insect species. Chemical analyses revealed significant among-clone variation in all foliar constituents and that variation in allelochemical contents differed more than variation in primary metabolites. Regression analyses indicated that phenolic glycosides were the dominant factor responsible for among-clone variation in insect performance. We also found significant genetic trade-offs between growth and defense among aspen clones. Our results suggest that genetic factors are likely responsible for much of the tremendous phenotypic variation in secondary chemistry exhibited by aspen, and that the genetic structure of aspen populations may play important roles in the evolution of interactions with phytophagous insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal variation in foliar chemistry of aspen: effects on gypsy moths and forest tent caterpillars

1997

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“…Previous studies on costs of herbivore resistance have obtained variable results. For example, Simms andRausher (1987, 1989) did not detect any cost of resistance against insect herbivores whereas other workers have found costs in terms of plant fitness (e.g., Berenbaum et al 1986;Han and Lincoln 1994;Sagers and Coley 1995;Zangerl and Berenbaum 1997;Baldwin 1998;Mauricio 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…By decreasing the damage caused by herbivores, resistance traits are beneficial to plants and most likely correlate with plant fitness. However, natural plant populations have genetic variation in resistance, and intermediate levels of resistance have been found in numerous studies (Hanover 1966;Berenbaum et al 1986;Simms and Rausher 1989;Han and Lincoln 1994;Sagers and Coley 1995;Zangerl and Berenbaum 1997;Mutikainen et al 2000;Underwood et al 2000). One possible explanation for the variation observed in resistance lies in the genetic correlation structure: negative genetic correlations between resistance and other fitness components may constrain the evolution of resistance and thus maintain intermediate levels of resistance (Berenbaum et al 1986;Simms and Rausher 1989;Rausher 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of herbivore resistance in clonal saplings of Betula pendula

et al. 2002

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Several studies have found genetic variation in plant resistance to herbivory. One of the explanations suggested for the observed intermediate levels of resistance are the costs of resistance, i.e., negative genetic correlations between resistance and other fitness components that may constrain the evolution of resistance. We studied the cost of herbivore resistance by investigating the genetic correlations between resistance traits and plant growth traits, and between resistance to insect and mammalian herbivores in cloned saplings of silver birch, Betula pendula. We used the performance of a geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata, as an indicator of insect resistance. The numbers of resin droplets at the base and at the tip of the saplings correlate with mammalian resistance, and were thus used here as indicators of vole and hare resistance, respectively. We have previously observed genetic variation in these resistance traits. Further, we examined the correlations between several groups of secondary chemicals and plant growth traits. Finally, to reveal the effect of environmental factors on the trade-offs mentioned above, we investigated the correlations in saplings that were grown at two nutrient levels. We found significant negative correlations between indices of constitutive insect resistance and relative height growth in non-fertilized saplings, indicating cost of constitutive insect resistance. The two groups of secondary chemicals that have been shown to correlate strongly with constitutive insect resistance, i.e., condensed tannins and flavonol glycosides (especially myricetin glycosides), had different genetic correlations with plant traits; the concentration of condensed tannins did not correlate negatively with any of the plant traits, whereas the concentration of flavonol glycosides correlated negatively with plant height. Insect and mammalian resistance did not correlate negatively, indicating no ecological trade-offs.

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“…Plant genotype has been shown in a large number of experimental systems to be an important determinant of host quality via variation in resistance compounds (e.g., Berenbaum et al 1986;Bowers and Stamp 1993;Han and Lincoln 1994;Rossi and Stiling 1998). Genotypic variation that impacts herbivores has been well studied in woody plants (Mutikainen et al 2000;Rousi et al 1997), including the Salicaceae (Robison and Raffa 1994;Orians and Fritz 1996;Julkunen-Tiitto et al 1995;Hakulinen et al 1995;Havill and Raffa 1999;Orians et al 2003), of which aspen is a member.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype and environment determine allocation to and costs of resistance in quaking aspen

2006

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Although genetic variability and resource availability both influence plant chemical composition, little is known about how these factors interact to modulate costs of resistance, expressed as negative correlations between growth and defense. We evaluated genotype x environment effects on foliar chemistry and growth of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) by growing multiple aspen genotypes under variable conditions of light and soil nutrient availability in a common garden. Foliage was analyzed for levels of nitrogen, phenolic glycosides and condensed tannins. Bioassays of leaf quality were conducted with fourth-stadium gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae. Results revealed strong effects of plant genotype, light availability and nutrient availability; the importance of each factor depended upon compound type. For example, tannin concentrations differed little among genotypes and across nutrient regimes under low light conditions, but markedly so under high light conditions. Phenolic glycoside concentrations, in contrast, were largely determined by genotype. Variation in phenolic glycoside concentrations among genotypes was the most important factor affecting gypsy moth performance. Gypsy moth biomass and development time were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with phenolic glycoside levels. Allocation to phenolic glycosides appeared to be costly in terms of growth, but only under resource-limiting conditions. Context-dependent trade-offs help to explain why costs of allocation to resistance are often difficult to demonstrate.

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The Evolution of Carbon Allocation to Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Genetic Analysis of Cost in Diplacus aurantiacus

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Clonal variation in foliar chemistry of aspen: effects on gypsy moths and forest tent caterpillars

Clonal variation in foliar chemistry of aspen: effects on gypsy moths and forest tent caterpillars

Costs of herbivore resistance in clonal saplings of Betula pendula

Genotype and environment determine allocation to and costs of resistance in quaking aspen

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