The evolution of CAM in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae)

Abstract

A molecular phylogeny for the subfamily Pitcairnioideae was inferred to examine the distribution of crassulacean acid metabolism in the subfamily. For this purpose, a neighbour‐joining tree with p‐distances was built using a MatK chloroplast gene data set. The phylogenetic results of our analysis confirmed the monophyletic condition of most genera examined: Brocchinia, Dyckia, Encholirium, Fosterella, Hechtia and Puya. A paraphyletic basal sequence showed Hechtia branching off from the basal node, followed by Brocchinia, Cottendorfia + Navia phelpsiae, and Puya. The remaining taxa were divided into two groups: (a) Deuterocohnia meziana, Dyckia, Encholirium; Fosterella; Deuterocohnia spp. + Pitcairnia heterophyla; (b) Pepinia, Pitcairnia spp. and Navia igneosicola. The basal placement of the CAM genera Hecthia indicates that CAM may be a ‘primitive condition’ in Pitcairnioideae and that C3 species may have lost the ability to induce CAM. In this molecular tree, CAM metabolism appeared scattered throughout the tree. Current knowledge, however, does not exclude the possibility that CAM arose only once and it has been switching on and off in various lineages. Further detailed studies on photosynthetic metabolisms and the phylogenetic distribution of characters will provide a better basis on which to evaluate photosynthetic origins. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 261–268.

The occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) and its ecological and evolutionary implications

“…Gehring et al 1997Gehring et al , 2003Guralnick and Jackson 2001;Vaasen et al 2002;Jones et al 2003;Reinert et al 2003). Taking into account these limitations in previous treatments, we investigated relationships among photosynthetic type, environment of habitat, life form, and phylogenetic relationship of Cymbidium Sw., an orchid group, in which the ecological attributes are greatly diversified.…”

Multiple origins of crassulacean acid metabolism and the epiphytic habit in the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae

“…Phylogenetic resolution can be improved by combining independent molecular data sets (32), and analysis of matK sequences for a subset of these species suggested that this locus alone would not provide sufficient resolution on the resulting trees (25,35). Parsimony analysis used tree bisection-reconnection branch swapping and successive weights (SW) analysis (36), with iterative rounds of search followed by reweighting until tree length stabilized.…”

Systematics of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae)—Evidence from Molecular and Anatomical Studies

“…Marker Genera/species of Bromeliaceae Ranker et al (1990) Givnish et al (1990 Clark and Clegg (1990) Clark et al (1993 restriction sites (cp) restriction sites (cp) rbcL rbcL rbcL 9/10 (T: 4/5, P: 3/3, B: 2/2) 7/7 3/3 7/7 7/7 (T: 3/3, P: 2/2, B: 2/2) Terry and Brown (1996) Givnish et al (1997) Terry et al (1997a) Terry et al (1997b) Horres et al (2000) ndhF restriction sites (nr ϩ cp) ndhF ndhF trnL intron 30/51 (T: 7/28, P: 8/8, B: 15/15) 4/19 (mostly Brocchinia; P: 4/19) 29/30 (T: 6/7, P: 8/8, B: 15/15) 9/28 (mostly Tillandsioideae) 32/62 (T: 7/23, P: 9/19, B: 16/20) Behnke et al (2000) Crayn et al (2000) rbcL matK 11/11 (T: 2/2, P: 5/5, B: 4/4) 15/40 (mostly Pitcairnioideae; T: 3/3, P: 11/36, B: 1/1) Reinert et al (2003) matK 11/35 (analysis of data by Crayn et al 2000, P: 11/35) Crayn et al (2004) Givnish et al (2005) matK & rps16 intron ndhF 24/51 (T: 7/10, P: 9/33, B: 8/8) 25/35 (T: 5/5, P: 14/24, B: 6/6) ter to a branch with Poaceae, Anarthriaceae, Restionaceae, Flagellariaceae, Xyridaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Thurniaceae, and Mayacaceae (Chase et al 2000). In a study of ndhF cpDNA data analysis, Givnish et al (2006) found that members of Typhaceae are sister to Bromeliaceae at the base of the order Poales sensu APG II (2003), with Rapateaceae next divergent.…”