The Evolution of Biocompatibility: From Microinflammation to Microvesiscles

Tetta, Ciro; Maffei, Stefano; Cisterna, Barbara; Fonsato, Valentina; Triolo, G; Segoloni, Giuseppe; Camussi, Giovanni; Deregibus, Maria Chiara; Gatti, Emanuele

doi:10.5772/23678

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…BDK is a nonapeptide hormone (sequence RPPGFSPFR) originating from the kinin-kallikrein system [ 121 ]. Thereby, the precursor kininogen is enzymatically cleaved to produce BDK by kallikrein which itself is originating from the precursor prekallikrein [ 122 ]. Kinins, which are produced by the action of kallikrein enzymes, are blood-derived local-acting peptides that were shown to have broad effects.…”

Section: Itch Mediators Modulators and Their Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding the Initial Steps of Pruritoceptive Itch: How the Itch Hits the Switch

Kahremany

Hofmann

Gruzman

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Pruritoceptive (dermal) itch was long considered an accompanying symptom of diseases, a side effect of drug applications, or a temporary sensation induced by invading pruritogens, as produced by the stinging nettle. Due to extensive research in recent years, it was possible to provide detailed insights into the mechanism of itch mediation and modulation. Hence, it became apparent that pruritus is a complex symptom or disease in itself, which requires particular attention to improve patients’ health. Here, we summarize recent findings in pruritoceptive itch, including how this sensation is triggered and modulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous pruritogens and their receptors. A differentiation between mediating pruritogen and modulating pruritogen seems to be of great advantage to understand and decipher the molecular mechanism of itch perception. Only a comprehensive view on itch sensation will provide a solid basis for targeting this long-neglected adverse sensation accompanying numerous diseases and many drug side effects. Finally, we identify critical aspects of itch perception that require future investigation.

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Section: Itch Mediators Modulators and Their Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%