The evolution and elaboration of vertebrate neural crest cells

Baker, Clare V. H.

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.006

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Like the mesoderm, it is an induced tissue, arising at the boundary between the nascent neural plate and the embryonic epidermis (Alfandari et al, 2010;Klymkowsky et al, 2010;Minoux and Rijli, 2010). The neural crest represents an evolutionary innovation (Baker, 2008;Yu, 2010), responsible in part for the diverse cranial morphologies of vertebrates (Hanken and Gross, 2005). It provides a classic example of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated apoptotic suppression, and so serves as a model for cancer metastasis (Klymkowsky and Savagner, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snail2 controls mesodermal BMP/Wnt induction of neural crest

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYThe neural crest is an induced tissue that is unique to vertebrates. In the clawed frog Xenopus laevis, neural crest induction depends on signals secreted from the prospective dorsolateral mesodermal zone during gastrulation. The transcription factors Snail2 (Slug), Snail1 and Twist1 are expressed in this region. It is known that Snail2 and Twist1 are required for both mesoderm formation and neural crest induction. Using targeted blastomere injection, morpholino-based loss of function and explant studies, we show that: (1) Snail1 is also required for mesoderm and neural crest formation; (2) loss of snail1, snail2 or twist1 function in the C2/C3 lineage of 32-cell embryos blocks mesoderm formation, but neural crest is lost only in the case of snail2 loss of function; (3) snail2 mutant loss of neural crest involves mesoderm-derived secreted factors and can be rescued synergistically by bmp4 and wnt8 RNAs; and (4) loss of snail2 activity leads to changes in the RNA levels of a number of BMP and Wnt agonists and antagonists. Taken together, these results identify Snail2 as a key regulator of the signals involved in mesodermal induction of neural crest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snail2 controls mesodermal BMP/Wnt induction of neural crest

et al. 2011

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“…"活化石"之称 (Ma, 2007;Wang et al, 2009)。它是少数具有壶腹型电感受器的硬骨鱼类之一, 在电感受器进化中占据极为重要的地位 (Gibbs & Northcutt, 2004;Hofmann et al, 2002;Song et al, 2010)。西伯利亚鲟 (Acipenser baerii Brandt) 隶属鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) 鲟科 (Acipenseridae) 鲟属 (Acipenser), 主要分布于俄罗斯西部的鄂毕河至东部的科雷马河之间的各河流中 (Gisbert & Williot, 2002)。西伯利亚鲟头部具较为丰富的电感受器 (Gibert et al, 1999), 且适应性广、生长速度快、具有抗病能力, 现已成为我国淡水养殖的优良品种 (Lin, 2003)。近年来, 有关西伯利亚鲟的研究已有不少, 在早期发育方面, 对其早期行为学、眼睛发育已进行了较系统的研究 (Gisbert & Ruban, 2003;Rodríguez & Gisbert, 2002), 而侧线系统发育相关研究尚未见报道。本研究从形态学和组织学角度, 应用光镜和扫描电镜研究西伯利亚鲟侧线系统早期发育, 不仅对研究电感受器的起源与进化有着重要意义, 而且为人工育苗积累基础资料。 1 材料与方法 (Baker, 2008;Dupin et al, 2007); 外胚层板是由胚胎头部特定区域的外胚层增厚单独形成的, 能发育形成各种感觉细胞及其神经节, 主要包括嗅基板、听基板、三叉基板、深基板及侧线基板等 Schlosser, 2006, (Gurgens et al, 2000;Teeter et al, 1980)。西伯利亚鲟仔鱼在 9 日龄初次摄食阶段已有壶腹器官发育成熟, 用铜加热棒可能会使西伯利亚鲟出现慌乱逃窜行为, 影响其摄食及正常生长, 并导致大批量死亡。参考文献：…”

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Development of the lateral line system in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (<I>Acipenser baerii</I>)

Song

Song²

2013

Zoological Research

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Abstract:The Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt), a chondrostean, occupies an important position in the evolution of the electroreceptor. In order to more fully understanding the evolution of these receptors, we examined the development of the lateral line system during early ontogeny of the Siberian sturgeon by using light and scanning electron microscopes. We detected four major events in this process: the lateral line placodal development, the sensory ridge formation, the receptor formation and the canal formation. On day 1 of post hatching, all six lateral line placodes are present and the posterior lateral line placode starts actively migrating posteriorly along the mid-line of the trunk, depositing neuromasts at intervals on the way of migration. The other lateral line placodes elongate to form sensory ridges according to its destination line pattern over the head, all containing primordial neuromasts. By day 7, ampullary organs rise from the lateral zones of the ventral of the head, though this may lag up to one week behind of that of the neuromasts. On day 9, the epidermis under the neuromast slowly invaginates, and the bony lateral line canals begin to form. Towards day 29, the epidermal cells surrounded some single openings of the ampullary organs at the ventral surface of the head, begin to migrate, and then transform into 3 to 4 aggregate openings. By this point, abundant microvilli are visible on the surface of the receptor epithelium, similar to the structure in elasmobranches and other sturgeons. On the day 57 of post hatching, the trunk canal is fully embedded into the lateral scutes. By then, the majority of ampullary organs are highly concentrated on the ventral rostrum, arranged in clusters of 3−4, distributing closely such as the shape of quincunx, thus completing the formation of the lateral line system.

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“…Snail family TFs play central role during the embryogenesis processes of both invertebrates and higher order animals where they regulate the cell movements necessary for the formation of the mesoderm [10] . Their involvement in the formation of vertebrate neural crest cells has been appreciated for more than two decades [11] . While Snail induced migratory and invasive behavior in developmental cells is vital for embryonic development, the same becomes problematic when aberrantly activated in later stages especially in pathological states such as cancer [12] .…”

Section: The Snail Family Transcription Factors and Emtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snail nuclear transport: The gateways regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition?

Muqbil

Aboukameel

et al. 2014

Seminars in Cancer Biology

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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse process (MET) plays central role in organ developmental biology. It is a fine tuned process that when disturbed leads to pathological conditions especially cancers with aggressive and metastatic behavior. Snail is an oncogene that has been well established to be a promoter of EMT through direct repression of epithelial morphology promoter E-cadherin. It can function in the nucleus, in the cytosol and as discovered recently, extracellularly through secretory vesicular structures. The intracellular transport of snail has for long been shown to be regulated by the nuclear pore complex. One of the Karyopherins, importin alpha, mediates snail import, while importin beta/exportin 1 (Xpo1) or chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) is its major nuclear exporter. A number of additional biological regulators are emerging that directly modulate Snail stability by altering its subcellular localization. These observations indicate that targeting the nuclear transport machinery could be an important and as of yet, unexplored avenue for therapeutic intervention against the EMT processes in cancer. In parallel, a number of novel agents that disrupt nuclear transport have recently been discovered and are being explored for their anti-cancer effects in the early clinical settings. Through this review we provide insights on the mechanisms regulating snail subcellular localization and how this impacts EMT. We discuss strategies on how the nuclear transport function can be harnessed to rein in EMT through modulation of snail signaling.

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The evolution and elaboration of vertebrate neural crest cells

Cited by 38 publications

References 75 publications

Snail2 controls mesodermal BMP/Wnt induction of neural crest

Snail2 controls mesodermal BMP/Wnt induction of neural crest

Development of the lateral line system in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (<I>Acipenser baerii</I>)

Snail nuclear transport: The gateways regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition?

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