The evolution and distribution of life in the Precambrian eon-Global perspective and the Indian record

Шарма, Мукунд; Shukla, Yogmaya

doi:10.1007/s12038-009-0065-8

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…If this occurred after the radiation of the chromalveolates, it must be asked why red chloroplasts were taken up by every extant photosynthetic chromalveolate lineage while no chromalveolates retaining an ancestral, prasinophyte-derived endosymbiont have yet been identified. In addition, while the chromalveolates are believed, from molecular studies, to have originated long before the Cambrian epoch (8,125), the chromalveolate paleontological record largely commences in the Triassic and Jurassic, whereas earlier fossil assemblies are dominated by taxa considered to be related to extant green algae (2,57,77,106,107) (Fig. 5, points A to D).…”

Section: The Colorful History Of Chromalveolate Chloroplasts-integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Red and Green Make Brown?: Perspectives on Plastid Acquisitions within Chromalveolates

2011

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The chromalveolate "supergroup" is of key interest in contemporary phycology, as it contains the overwhelming majority of extant algal species, including several phyla of key importance to oceanic net primary productivity such as diatoms, kelps, and dinoflagellates. There is also intense current interest in the exploitation of these algae for industrial purposes, such as biodiesel production. However, the evolution of the constituent species, and in particular the origin and radiation of the chloroplast genomes, remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss current theories of the origins of the extant red alga-derived chloroplast lineages in the chromalveolates and the potential ramifications of the recent discovery of large numbers of green algal genes in chromalveolate genomes. We consider that the best explanation for this is that chromalveolates historically possessed a cryptic green algal endosymbiont that was subsequently replaced by a red algal chloroplast. We consider how changing selective pressures acting on ancient chromalveolate lineages may have selectively favored the serial endosymbioses of green and red algae and whether a complex endosymbiotic history facilitated the rise of chromalveolates to their current position of ecological prominence.Algae are emerging as being of key interest in contemporary biological research. As the principal primary producers in oceanic and freshwater communities, algae support the development of complex food webs and biodiverse communities and are responsible for the net flux of nearly 2 gigatons of carbon per year from the atmosphere to the lithosphere, an amount equivalent to or higher than that of tropical rainforests (24,68,122). Understanding why specific algal lineages are more ecologically prominent than others may provide valuable insight into the stability of these ecosystems, particularly as some of the most important taxa are believed to be sensitive to changes in atmospheric and oceanic climates (42, 49), so that phytoplankton community composition is predicted to change considerably in response to current and future climate (28,31,44). In addition, algae are morphologically and physiologically diverse, ranging from microscopic single-celled diatoms and prasinophytes smaller than some bacteria to forests of giant kelps, and differing in their photosynthetic pigments, hence red, green, and brown algae, among others (Fig. 1). The enormous array of biological and biochemical characteristics presented by algae offers great opportunities for exploitation across a wide range of technologies, for example, in the production of biodiesel, industrial chemicals, and even nanotechnologies such as microchips (58,71). This variety offers challenges too, and a much better understanding of the biochemical properties of different algal groups and their chloroplast lineages, which are intimately related to their evolutionary histories, will be required to aid in the identification and culturing of candidate species.In this review, we explore the evolutionary hist...

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Section: The Colorful History Of Chromalveolate Chloroplasts-integratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Red and Green Make Brown?: Perspectives on Plastid Acquisitions within Chromalveolates

2011

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“…, ; Runnegar ; Hofmann ; Han & Runnegar ; Samuelsson & Butterfield ; Knoll et al . ; Sharma & Shukla ; Wang et al . , b), was considered by Walter et al .…”

Section: Morphological Categories Of Macroalgal Holdfastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, ; Ye et al . ), India (Mathur ; Kumar ; Sharma & Shukla , b; Sharma & Singh ), USA (Walcott , Walter et al . , ; Han & Runnegar ), Canada (Hofmann , ) and Russia (Grazhdankin et al .…”

Section: Precambrian Records Of Macroalgal Holdfastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ediacaran macroalgal holdfasts and their evolution: a case study from China

Wang

Tang

et al. 2020

Palaeontology

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A macroalgal holdfast (root‐like structure) anchored or grown into sediments is a key trait of metaphytes and eukaryotic algae. Various patterns and taphonomic variants of congeneric holdfasts are preserved on the bedding planes of black shales of the Ediacaran Wenghui biota in South China. The macroalgal holdfast, which commonly consists of a rhizome, rhizoid and pith (perhaps mechanical tissue), can be morphologically classified into ten types within four groups of rhizomes: bare rhizome holdfasts (Grypania, Tongrenphyton and Sectoralga‐type holdfasts), canopy rhizome holdfasts (Gemmaphyton, Gesinella, Discusphyton and Baculiphyca‐type holdfasts), pithy rhizome holdfasts (Zhongbaodaophyton and pithy‐cone‐type holdfasts) and differentiated rhizome holdfasts (Wenghuiphyton‐type holdfasts). Analysis of the Precambrian macroalgal record indicates that rhizomes played a more important role in the evolution of macroalgal holdfast than rhizoids. The following evolutionary stages of development of macroalgal holdfasts are proposed: (1) growth of the basal thallus into sediments (Grypania‐type holdfast); (2) development of a primitive (indistinct) rhizome from the base of a stipe or thallus (Tongrenphyton‐type and Sectoralga‐type holdfasts); (3) growth of a distinct rhizome with rhizoid (Gemmaphyton‐type, Gesinella‐type and Discusphyton‐type holdfasts); (4) development of a pith in the stipe (Baculiphyca‐type holdfast); (5) pith extension into the rhizome (Zhongbaodaophyton‐type and pithy‐cone‐type holdfasts); and (6) rhizome differentiation and development of a complex holdfast system (Wenghuiphyton‐type holdfast).

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“…This coincided with a change from a reducing to an oxidizing atmosphere ( Figures 1A and 1B), 59 a result of photosynthesis by cyanobacteria. [58][59][60][61] When O 2 accumulated in the atmosphere, the ocean changed from a "soda ocean" to a "halite ocean", and soluble Ca 2+ accumulated due to the reduction in CO 2 , and hence less CaCO 3 precipitation. 59 Thus, during the evolution of the ocean biota, there was a 200-fold increase in soluble Ca 2+ , a six-fold increase in Mg 2+ , and a five-fold increase in Na + (Figure 1).…”

Section: Cations In Environmental Nichesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of extracellular cations in cell motility, polarity, and chemotaxis

Soll¹,

Wessels²,

Lusche³

et al. 2011

RRB

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The concentration of cations in the aqueous environment of free living organisms and cells within the human body influence motility, shape, and chemotaxis. The role of extracellular cations is usually perceived to be the source for intracellular cations in the process of homeostasis. The role of surface molecules that interact with extracellular cations is believed to be that of channels, transporters, and exchangers. However, the role of Ca 2+ as a signal and chemoattractant and the discovery of the Ca 2+ receptor have demonstrated that extracellular cations can function as signals at the cell surface, and the plasma membrane molecules they interact with can function as bona fide receptors that activate coupled signal transduction pathways, associated molecules in the plasma membrane, or the cytoskeleton. With this perspective in mind, we have reviewed the cationic composition of aqueous environments of free living cells and cells that move in multicellular organisms, most notably humans, the range of molecules interacting with cations at the cell surface, the concept of a cell surface cation receptor, and the roles extracellular cations and plasma membrane proteins that interact with them play in the regulation of motility, shape, and chemotaxis. Hopefully, the perspective of this review will increase awareness of the roles extracellular cations play and the possibility that many of the plasma membrane proteins that interact with them could also play roles as receptors.

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The evolution and distribution of life in the Precambrian eon-Global perspective and the Indian record

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Do Red and Green Make Brown?: Perspectives on Plastid Acquisitions within Chromalveolates

Do Red and Green Make Brown?: Perspectives on Plastid Acquisitions within Chromalveolates

Ediacaran macroalgal holdfasts and their evolution: a case study from China

Role of extracellular cations in cell motility, polarity, and chemotaxis

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