The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts

Bechteler, Julia; Schäfer‐Verwimp, Alfons; Glenny, David; Cargill, D. Christine; Maul, Karola; Schütz, Nicole; Konrat, Matt Von; Quandt, Dietmar; Nebel, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107298

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 82 publications

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“…Interestingly, our findings that the epiphytic lifestyle likely evolved from drought-adapted plants contrast with the inferred evolution of other epiphytic lineages, which were rather found to have diversified mostly in rainforests or moist montane forests (Wikström et al ., 1999; Schuettpelz and Pryer, 2009; Calvente et al ., 2011; Givnish et al ., 2014; Bechteler et al ., 2021; Chen et al ., 2022). This could be explained by the absence of such pre-existing drought-tolerant traits in these groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses with succulence traits

Collobert

Perez‐Lamarque

Dubuisson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background and Aims Epiphytism has evolved repeatedly in plants and has resulted in a considerable number of species with original characteristics. Succulent forms in particular are thought to have evolved as an adaptation to the epiphytic environment, because the water supply is generally erratic compared to soils'. However, succulent organs also exist in terrestrial plants, and the question of the concomitant evolution of epiphytism and succulence has received little attention, not even in the epidendroid orchids, which account for 68% of vascular epiphytes. Methods We reconstructed a new time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Epidendroideae with 203 genera treated in Genera Orchidacearum, from which we reconstructed the evolution of epiphytism and other traits including stem and leaf succulence, while testing the correlated evolution between lifestyle and morphological traits. Furthermore, we reconstructed the ancestral geographic ranges to interpret major character changes during the Cenozoic. Key Results Epiphytism evolved at least 7.1 My ago in the neotropical Sobralieae, 11.5 My ago in the Arethuseae in Southeast Asia and Australia, and 39.0 My ago in the common ancestor of the Dendrobieae and Cymbidieae in the three previous areas, and was notably lost in the Malaxideae, Collabieae, Calypsoeae, Bletiinae, and Eulophiinae. Stem succulence is inferred to have evolved once, in a terrestrial ancestor 43.1 My ago, thus preceding the evolution of epiphytism by at least 4.1 My. If lost, stem succulence was almost systematically replaced by leaf succulence in epiphytic lineages. Conclusions Epiphytism probably evolved from terrestrial orchids already possessing succulent stems, which appeared during Eocene climatic cooling. Both epiphytic and secondary terrestrial Epidendroideae may have appeared in seasonally-dry forests. Thus, we believe that the emergence of stem succulence in early epidendroids was a key innovation in the evolution of orchids, facilitating the colonisation of epiphytic environments that led to the greatest diversification of orchids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses with succulence traits

Collobert

Perez‐Lamarque

Dubuisson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A complete genus-level phylogeny reveals the Cretaceous biogeographic diversification of the poppy family

Peng

Xiang

Erst

et al. 2023

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses of succulence traits

Collobert,

Perez-Lamarque,

Dubuisson

et al. 2023

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims Epiphytism has evolved repeatedly in plants and has resulted in a considerable number of species with original characteristics. Because the water supply is generally erratic compared to soils, succulent forms in particular are widespread in epiphytic species. However, succulent organs also exist in terrestrial plants, and the question of the concomitant evolution of epiphytism and succulence has received little attention, not even in the epidendroid orchids, which account for 75% of vascular epiphytes. Methods We built a new time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Epidendroideae with 203 genera treated in Genera Orchidacearum, from which we reconstructed the evolution of epiphytism as well as traits related to water scarcity (stem and leaf succulence and the number of velamen layers), while testing for the correlated evolution between both. Furthermore, we estimated the ancestral geographic ranges to evaluate the paleoclimatic context in which epiphytism evolved. Key Results Epiphytism evolved at least three times: 39.0 Myr ago in the common ancestor of the Malaxideae and Cymbidieae that likely ranged from the Neotropics to Southeast Asia and Australia, 11.5 Myr ago in the Arethuseae in Southeast Asia and Australia, 7.1 Myr ago in the neotropical Sobralieae, and was notably lost in the Malaxidiinae, Collabieae, Calypsoeae, Bletiinae, and Eulophiinae. Stem succulence is inferred to have evolved once, in a terrestrial ancestor at least 4.1 Myr ago before the emergence of epiphytic lineages. If lost, stem succulence was almost systematically replaced by leaf succulence in epiphytic lineages. Conclusions Epiphytism may have evolved in seasonally dry forests during the Eocene climatic cooling, among stem-succulent terrestrial orchids. Our results suggest that the emergence of stem succulence in early epidendroids was a key innovation in the evolution of epiphytism, facilitating the colonisation of epiphytic environments that afterwards led to the greatest diversification of epiphytic orchids.

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The evolution and biogeographic history of epiphytic thalloid liverworts

Cited by 5 publications

References 82 publications

Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses with succulence traits

Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses with succulence traits

A complete genus-level phylogeny reveals the Cretaceous biogeographic diversification of the poppy family

Gains and losses of the epiphytic lifestyle in epidendroid orchids: review and new analyses of succulence traits

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