The evidence for apostatic selection

Clarke, Bryan

doi:10.1038/hdy.1969.52

Cited by 141 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Examples include the wing patterns on butterflies or similar templates for apostatic selection in other species, which, among other things, may make attractive search images for predators (83)(84)(85)(86)(87). Natural selection acts on the variation in color or other patterns, say in prey organisms, shaping the observed phenotypic and genotypic distributions, often through coevolution with other species groups (88).…”

Section: Social Norms and Group Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public goods in relation to competition, cooperation, and spite

Levin

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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Public goods and common-pool resources are fundamental features of biological and social systems, and pose core challenges in achieving sustainability; for such situations, the immediate interests of individuals and the societies in which they are embedded are in potential conflict, involving game-theoretic considerations whose resolution need not serve the collective good. Evolution has often confronted such dilemmas-e.g., in bacterial biofilms-in the challenges of cancer, in nitrogen fixation and chelation, in the production of antibiotics, and in collective action problems across animal groups; there is much to learn from the Darwinian resolution of these situations for how to address problems our societies face today. Addressing these problems involves understanding the emergence of cooperative agreements, from reciprocal altruism and insurance arrangements to the social norms and more formal institutions that maintain societies. At the core are the issues of how individuals and societies discount the future and the interests of others, and the degree that individual decisions are influenced by regard for others. Ultimately, as Garrett Hardin suggested, the solution to problems of the commons is in "mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon," and hence in how groups of individuals form and how they arrive at decisions that ultimately benefit all.prosociality | collective phenomena | complex adaptive systems

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Section: Social Norms and Group Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public goods in relation to competition, cooperation, and spite

Levin

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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“…In circumstances in which overall density within a competitive guild is at or near the carrying capacity for the environment, negative feedback on density is equivalent to negative feedback on frequency. The importance of negative frequency dependence as a mechanism maintaining diversity has been widely recognized (Clarke 1969;Ayala 1971;May & Anderson 1983;Antonovics & Kareiva 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel theory to explain species diversity in landscapes: positive frequency dependence and habitat suitability

Molofsky

Bever

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Theories to explain the diversity of species have required that individual species occupy unique niches and/or vary in their response to environmental factors. Positive interactions within a species, although common in communities, have not been thought to maintain species diversity because in non-spatial models the more abundant species always outcompetes the rarer species. Here, we show, using a stochastic spatial model, that positive intraspecific interactions such as those caused by positive frequency dependence and/or priority effects, can maintain species diversity if interactions between individuals are primarily local and the habitat contains areas that cannot be colonized by any species, such as boulders or other physical obstructions. When intraspecific interactions are primarily neutral, species diversity will eventually erode to a single species. When the landscape is homogeneous (i.e. does not contain areas that cannot be colonized by any species), the presence of strong intraspecific interactions will not maintain diversity.

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“…In C. nemoralis for example, at least 10 loci are known to control characters manifest in the colour and banding of the shell (Cain, Sheppard and King, 1968). This variation makes the detection of selective forces other than those directly associated with crypsis difficult (see for example Cain and Currey, 1963a, b;Goodhart, 1963;also Clarke, 1962;Carter, 1967;Clarke, 1969). Simpler variation will result in less interaction between the various polymorphisms, and should ease the detection of consistencies in the natural distribution of the genes in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic selection in the land snail Arianta arbustorum in Derbyshire, England

Parkin

1972

Heredity

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The evidence for apostatic selection

Cited by 141 publications

References 19 publications

Public goods in relation to competition, cooperation, and spite

Public goods in relation to competition, cooperation, and spite

A novel theory to explain species diversity in landscapes: positive frequency dependence and habitat suitability

Climatic selection in the land snail Arianta arbustorum in Derbyshire, England

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