The evaporative cooling system for the ATLAS inner detector

Attree, D.; Anderson, B.; Anderssen, E.; Akhnazarov, V.; Apsimon, R.; Barclay, Paul E.; Batchelor, L E; Bates, R. L.; Battistin, M.; Bendotti, J.; Berry, S.; Bitadze, A.; Bizzel, J P; Bonneau, P.; Bosteels, M.; Butterworth, J.M.; Butterworth, S; Carter, A A; Carter, J R; Catinaccio, A.; Corbaz, Florian; Danielsson, H. O.; Danilevich, E; Dixon, N.; Dixon, S.; Doherty, F.; Dorholt, O.; Doubrava, M.; Egorov, K.; Einsweiler, K.; Falou, A. C.; Feraudet, P.; Ferrari, P.; Fowler, K.; Fraser, J. T.; French, Richard; Galuska, Martin; Gannaway, F.; Gariano, G.; Gibson, Murray; Gilchriese, M.; Giugni, D.; Godlewski, J.; Gousakov, I; Górski, B.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hartman, Nicole Michelle; Hawkings, R. J.; Haywood, S. J.; Hessey, N. P.; Ilyashenko, I.; Infante, S; Jackson, J.; Jones, T. J.; Kapłon, J.; Katunin, S.; Lindsay, S. W.; Luisa, L.; Massol, N.; McEwan, F.; McMahon, S. J.; Menot, C.; Mistry, J.; Morris, J. D.; Muskett, D.; Nagai, K.; Nichols, A.; Nicholson, R. J.; Nickerson, R. B.; Nielsen, Svend; Nordahl, P.; Olcese, M.; Parodi, Mauro; Perez-Gomez, F; Pernegger, H.; Perrin, E.; Rossi, L. P.; Rovani, A.; Ruscino, E.; Sandaker, H.; Smith, A. C.; Sopko, V.; Stapnes, S.; Stodulski, M.; Tarrant, J.; Thadome, J.; Tovey, D. R.; Turała, M.; Tyndel, M.; Vacek, V.; Kraaij, E. van der; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Vigeolas, E.; Wells, P. S.; Wenig, S.; Werneke, P.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/3/07/p07003

Cited by 56 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…An evaporative fluorocarbon cooling system (Aitree et al 2008) is presently used to cool the ATLAS Pixel and SCT detectors. The substrates of the SCT silicon micro strip modules must presently be maintained at -7°C or lower (ATLAS Collaboration 1997) while those of the pixel detector modules should be at 0°C or lower (ATLAS Collaboration 1998), being typically operated around -10°C.…”

Section: The Presently-configured Atlas Id Fluorocarbon Evaporative Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Battistin

Berry

Bitadze

et al. 2015

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

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The silicon tracker of the ATLAS experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider will operate around -15°C to minimize the effects of radiation damage. The present cooling system is based on a conventional evaporative circuit, removing around 60 kW of heat dissipated by the silicon sensors and their local electronics. The compressors in the present circuit have proved less reliable than originally hoped, and will be replaced with a thermosiphon. The working principle of the thermosiphon uses gravity to circulate the coolant without any mechanical components (compressors or pumps) in the primary coolant circuit. The fluorocarbon coolant will be condensed at a temperature and pressure lower than those in the on-detector evaporators, but at a higher altitude, taking advantage of the 92 m height difference between the underground experiment and the services located on the surface. An extensive campaign of tests, detailed in this paper, was performed using two smallscale thermosiphon systems. These tests confirmed the design specifications of the full-scale plant and demonstrated operation over the temperature range required for ATLAS. During the testing phase the system has demonstrated unattended long-term stable running over a period of several weeks. The commissioning of the full scale thermosiphon is ongoing, with full operation planned for late 2015.

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Section: The Presently-configured Atlas Id Fluorocarbon Evaporative Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Battistin

Berry

Bitadze

et al. 2015

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

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“…To limit the radiation damage effects, such as reverse annealing and leakage current, and to decrease the noise levels, the SCT detector is cooled down by evaporative cooling system which uses perfluorinated propan (C3F8) with nominal operating temperature at -25 o C [5]. Cooling channels contact each of the SCT modules.…”

Section: The Atlas Semiconductor Trackermentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation and performance of the ATLAS silicon micro-strip tracker

Pylypchenko

2011

2011 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications

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“…Cooling The silicon detectors are cooled with a bi-phase evaporative system [19] which is designed to deliver C 3 F 8 fluid at −25 • C in the low-mass cooling structures on the detector. The target temperature for the silicon sensors after irradiation is 0 • C for the Pixel Detector and −7 • C for the SCT; these values were chosen to mitigate the effects of radiation damage.…”

Section: The Atlas Inner Detectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Aad¹,

Abbott²,

Abdallah³

et al. 2010

Eur. Phys. J. C

100

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The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and insitu calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 ± 0.9 µm and a relative momentum resolution σ p /p = (4.83 ± 0.16) ×

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The evaporative cooling system for the ATLAS inner detector

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Operation and performance of the ATLAS silicon micro-strip tracker

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

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