The evaporation from a swamp

Linacre, Edward; Hicks, B. B.; Sainty, G. R.; Grauze, G.

doi:10.1016/0002-1571(70)90033-6

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The rate of E t was markedly lower than has been reported for marshes based on lysimeter studies (Bernatowicz et al, 1976;Snyder and Boyd, 1987;Pauliukonis and Schneider, 2001), somewhat lower than has been reported for marshes based on micrometeorological studies (Rijks, 1969;Linacre et al, 1970;Lafleur, 1990;Price, 1994;Burba et al, 1999;Acreman et al, 2003), and equivalent to, or somewhat lower than, has been reported for productive upland grasslands (Kelliher et al, 1993). The low rate of E t we observed is not a result of persistent drought since the marsh was fully flooded for 7.5 months of the year (Fig.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…A number of reports indicate freshwater marsh E t is large and often exceeds open water evaporation (E open ) (Snyder and Boyd, 1987;Price, 1994;Herbst and Kappen, 1999;Pauliukonis and Schneider, 2001;Acreman et al, 2003). Other reports indicate wetland E t is less than E open (Rijks, 1969;Linacre et al, 1970;Lafleur, 1990;Burba et al, 1999) and broadly comparable to what would be expected for productive upland grassland. Efforts to understand wetland evapotranspiration have been confounded by the likelihood that different wetlands differ markedly in E t and also by the reality that different methodologies produce widely divergent measures of E t .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

2007

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There is continuing debate about the controls on wetland evapotranspiration (E t ) and whether marshes are profligate water users. We used eddy covariance to measure the CO 2 exchange and E t by a California Tule marsh in 2003. The marsh was dominated by Typha and Scirpus, and there was a large amount of standing litter that acted as a mulch. Canopy development was broadly related to air temperature, with rapid growth in May and senescence in October. E t was a few tenths of a mm d À1 in winter, and 3-4 mm d À1 in summer. The midsummer Bowen ratio was $1, and the annual E t was 49 cm. The peak rate of E t was lower than has been reported for marshes based on lysimeter studies, somewhat lower than has been reported for marshes based on micrometeorological studies, and equivalent to, or somewhat lower than, has been reported for upland grassland. The midsummer water use efficiency was 0.0025 mol CO 2 mol À1 H 2 O, and the d 13 C of foliage was À27.1%, which are both typical for productive C 3 ecosystems. Transpiration accounted for 80% of total E t . Evaporation from water standing beneath the canopy and mulch layer was only a minor component of the marsh's hydrological budget. The low rate of evaporation from standing water was a result of cool water temperatures, which remained within a few degrees of the nocturnal minimum on most days. We believe the mulch layer acted in a way analogous to an electrical diode that allowed the upward loss of heat from the water to the atmosphere at night, and shut off the flux of heat from the atmosphere to the water during daytime, resulting in cool subcanopy water and low rates of evaporation. Our observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis that Tule marshes are inefficient water users, or that their rates of transpiration and CO 2 uptake are unusual compared to upland ecosystems. #

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

2007

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“…The effect of Typha or any other aquatic plant on evapotranspirative water loss has been mixed [6], while some findings showed that there are evidences of considerable quantities of water loss from wetland system due to invasion of aquatic plant [7]- [9], and other studies were in contrast [10] [11]. It was evidenced that certain parameters influence the result and findings on evapotranspirative water loss from aquatic plants: These are 1) type of plant under investigation, 2) the density or coverage [12], 3) the period of investigation [10] and 4) the choice of method used: direct measurement or indirect measurement [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was evidenced that certain parameters influence the result and findings on evapotranspirative water loss from aquatic plants: These are 1) type of plant under investigation, 2) the density or coverage [12], 3) the period of investigation [10] and 4) the choice of method used: direct measurement or indirect measurement [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does <i>Typha</i> spp. Contribute to Wetland Waterloss and Health Risk: A Case Study of Hadejia Nguru Wetlands (HNW) System NE Nigeria

Salako¹,

Sawyerr²,

Olalubi³

2016

OJE

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The role of Typha spp. on water loss and public health has been uncertained and relatively poorly reported in Hadejia Nguru wetlands. This study investigated the extent to which Typha spp. contributed to evapotranspirative water loss and the level at which it provides suitable habitat for mosquito breeding. A comparative analysis between Typha swamp and open water was made to determine the evapotranspiration water loss and mosquito larva load accounted for by Typha swamp in the wetland. Maximum and minimum temperatures were measured and recorded daily for the months of January, March and June in 2013. Blaney-Criddle equation was used to estimate the evapotranspiration from Typha swamp (Site A) while piche evaporimeter was used to measure direct evaporation from the adjacent open water (Site B). Water samples were collected in Sites A and B using 100 ml beaker at random and the number of mosquito larvae in the sample was counted. T test was used to evaluate differences in water loss and larva load between open water and Typha swamp in the wetland. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in water loss at p < 0.05 between Typha swamp and open water in the wetland. However, the Typha swamp was found to harbor more mosquito larvae than the open water at p < 0.05 which was considered a public health risk.

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“…Deforestation and drainage of surrounding lands for agriculture can produce similar consequences by modifying the hydrological controls governing bog morphology and its relationship to the adjacent environment (Ingram, 1982;Bragg, 1995). This includes increased runoff following peat cutting at the margins (Bragg and Steiner, 1995), and evapotranspiration losses created by advected dry air above cultivated soils (Linacre et al, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a conceptual model of hydrological change on an abandoned cutover bog, Quebec

Seters

Price

2002

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Cutover bogs do not return to functional peatland ecosystems after abandonment because re-establishment of peatforming mosses is poor. This paper presents a conceptual model of bog disturbance caused by peat harvesting , and the hydrological evolution that occurred after abandonment . Two adjacent bogs of similar size and origin, one harvested and the other essentially undisturbed, provide the basis for understanding what changes occurred. The model is based on historical trends evident from previous surveys of land-use, bog ecology and resource mapping; and from recent hydrological and ecological data that characterize the current condition. Water balance data and historical information suggest that runoff increased and evapotranspiration decreased following drainage, but tended towards pre-disturbance levels following abandonment, as vegetation recolonized the surface and drainage became less efficient over time. Dewatering of soil pores after drainage caused shrinkage and oxidation of the peat and surface subsidence of approximately 80 cm over 57 years. Comparisons with a nearby natural bog suggest that bulk density in the upper 50 cm of cutover peat increased from 0Ð07 to 0Ð13 g cm 3 , specific yield declined from 0Ð14 to 0Ð07, water table fluctuations were 67% greater, and mean saturated hydraulic conductivity declined from 4Ð1 ð 10 5 to 1Ð3 ð 10 5 cm s 1 . More than 25 years after abandonment, Sphagnum mosses were distributed over broad areas but covered less than 15% of the surface. Areas with 'good' Sphagnum regeneration (>10% cover) were strongly correlated with high water tables (mean 22 cm), especially in zones of seasonal groundwater discharge, artefacts of the extraction history. Forest cover expanded from 5 to 20% of the study area following abandonment. The effect of forest growth (transpiration and interception) and drainage on lowering water levels eventually will be countered by slower water movement through the increasingly dense soil, and by natural ditch deterioration. However, without management intervention, full re-establishment of natural hydrological functions will take a very long time.

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The evaporation from a swamp

Cited by 61 publications

References 7 publications

Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

Does <i>Typha</i> spp. Contribute to Wetland Waterloss and Health Risk: A Case Study of Hadejia Nguru Wetlands (HNW) System NE Nigeria

Towards a conceptual model of hydrological change on an abandoned cutover bog, Quebec

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The evaporation from a swamp

Cited by 61 publications

References 7 publications

Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

Factors that control Typha marsh evapotranspiration

Does &lt;i&gt;Typha&lt;/i&gt; spp. Contribute to Wetland Waterloss and Health Risk: A Case Study of Hadejia Nguru Wetlands (HNW) System NE Nigeria

Towards a conceptual model of hydrological change on an abandoned cutover bog, Quebec

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Does <i>Typha</i> spp. Contribute to Wetland Waterloss and Health Risk: A Case Study of Hadejia Nguru Wetlands (HNW) System NE Nigeria