The evaluation of the impact of age, skin tags, metabolic syndrome, body mass index, and smoking on homocysteine, endothelin-1, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and on the heart

Abstract

Background:Skin tags (STs) are small, pedunculated skin-colored or brown papules that occur around any site where skin folds occur. The literature is short of comprehensive and controlled clinical studies aimed to evaluate the atherogenic risk factors in patients with STs.Aim of Work:The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of age, STs, metabolic syndrome (METs), body mass index (BMI), and smoking on homocysteine (Hcy), endothelin-1 (ET-1), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and on cardiovascular diseases.Materials and Methods:This study included 30 cardiac patients with STs, 30 non-cardiac patients with STs, and 30 healthy controls with neither heart disease nor STs. History of smoking, measurement of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, STs number, color, acanthosis nigricans, estimation of serum level of fasting glucose, triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, high-dense lipoproteins (HDL), Hcy, ET-1, Hs-CRP, and the presence of the METs were elicited in the three groups.Results:Regarding the Hcy, ET-1, and Hs-CRP, the cardiac-STs group showed the highest levels and the control group showed the least (P < 0.001). The percents of patients with METs were 56.7% in the cardiac-STs, 40% in the non-cardiac-STs, and 0% in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean BMI exceeded the limit of obesity in the cardiac-STs group (30.9 ± 3.9) and the non-cardiac-STs group (32.6 ± 6) and was normal in the control group (24.7 ± 2.8). Hyperpigmented STs were present in 66.7% of the cardiac-STs group. Multivariate regression analysis for the independent effectors on Hcy level were the presence of STs (P < 0.001), METs (P = 0.001), and BMI (P = 0.024). Regarding ET-1, the effectors were the presence of STs and METs (P = 0.032). For Hs-CRP, effectors were the presence of STs (P < 0.001) and smoking (P = 0.040). Multivariate logistic regression of the predictors of cardiac disease showed that the independent predictors of the occurrence of cardiac disease were BMI (P < 0.001), STs (P = 0.002), and METs (P = 0.037).Conclusion:STs may act as a physical sign of underlying raised cardiac atherogenic factors. This may indicates an ongoing risk on coronary circulation which may indicate further corrective action, hopefully early enough. The association of ST with obesity and METs represents a Bermuda Triangle that act against the heart.

hsCRP and ET-1 expressions in patients with no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention

“… 21 In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association (suggest that cardiovascular risks of patients can be categorized according to hs-CRP levels: <1 mg/L for relatively low risk, 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L for moderate risk, >3.0 mg/L for high risk. 22 The two indicators are clinically important for evaluating no-reflow in myocardial infarction, but their relevance remains unclear. 23 …”

Piezogenic pedal papules with mitral valve prolapse

“…It was reported that even some unexpected dermatological lesions such as skin tags could be related to cardiac diseases. [ 5 ] PPP, which is generally considered an isolated lesion might be also a predictor of some cardiac diseases associated with connective tissue abnormalities.…”

Skin tags associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…There are some studies showing associations between skin tags and diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and disorders of lipid metabolism [8,[10][11][12][13]. In addition, skin tags are one of the independent predictors of the occurrence of cardiac disease [14].…”