The Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters and the Autonomic Nervous Systems of Children with Breath-Holding Spells

Abstract

Autonomic dysfunction existed in the children with BHS, but no correlation was found between BHS and deficiencies of iron, vitamin D, or vitamin B12.

Parental attitude, depression, anxiety in mothers, family functioning and breath‐holding spells: A case control study

“…Between the breath holders and non‐breath holders in our study, no significant difference in the number of cases of iron deficiency anaemia was found. However, there are conflicting reports about this relationship …”

“…The mechanism and causes of BHS are not clearly understood. Prior studies have reported relationships between BHS and iron deficiency anaemia, 4 autonomic dysregulation 6 and cardiac causes. 20 Between the breath holders and non-breath holders in our study, no significant difference in the number of cases of iron deficiency anaemia was found.…”

“…The pathophysiologic mechanism and treatment of BHS remains controversial. Its association with anaemia has been explored in multiple reports, but there has been no consensus . Few studies have highlighted that there can be an underlying abnormal behavioural or psychosocial problem in mothers who have children with severe BHS …”

“…Its association with anaemia has been explored in multiple reports, but there has been no consensus. [4][5][6] Few studies have highlighted that there can be an underlying abnormal behavioural or psychosocial problem in mothers who have children with severe BHS. 7,8 In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of family structure, antenatal stressful life events of mothers, sociodemographic characteristics, maternal depression, state-trait anxiety in mothers and iron deficiency anaemia in the children with BHS by comparing them with children without BHS.…”

Fisiopatología, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento de la apnea emotiva grave: A propósito de un caso clínico

“…La función vagal, evaluada mediante diversos test neurofisiológicos, como el reflejo oculocardíaco, el test de pilocarpina y parámetros de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en Holter de 24 h, han evidenciado una sobre-reactividad, más que sobreactividad vagal [14][15][16] . Para antagonizar la sobre-reactividad vagal y prevenir la AE se han usado drogas anticolinérgicas como atropina, escopolamina y glicopirrolate 17,18 .…”