The evaluation of factors affecting antibody response after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine: a prospective study in Japan

Mitsunaga, Toshiya; Ohtaki, Yuhei; Seki, Yosuke; Yoshioka, Masahiro; Mori, Hiroshi; Suzuka, Midori; Mashiko, Syunsuke; Takeda, Satoshi; Mashiko, Kunihiro

doi:10.7717/peerj.12316

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The most commonly reported conditions were hypertension, obesity, and asthma. There is some evidence that all three of these conditions can negatively affect immune responses to vaccination against other pathogens 40 – 44 as well as COVID-19 45 – 47 , where high-dose corticosteroid treatments used to treat severe asthma could also blunt vaccine responses 48 . At study entry, 8% of PLWH and 10% of controls were identified as COVID-19 convalescent based on the presence of anti-N antibodies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2022

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Humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remain incompletely characterized. We measured circulating antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD), ACE2 displacement and viral neutralization activities one month following the first and second COVID-19 vaccine doses, and again 3 months following the second dose, in 100 adult PLWH and 152 controls. All PLWH were receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy, with median CD4+ T-cell counts of 710 (IQR 525–935) cells/mm3, though nadir CD4+ T-cell counts ranged as low as <10 cells/mm3. After adjustment for sociodemographic, health and vaccine-related variables, HIV infection was associated with lower anti-RBD antibody concentrations and ACE2 displacement activity after one vaccine dose. Following two doses however, HIV was not significantly associated with the magnitude of any humoral response after multivariable adjustment. Rather, older age, a higher burden of chronic health conditions, and dual ChAdOx1 vaccination were associated with lower responses after two vaccine doses. No significant correlation was observed between recent or nadir CD4+ T-cell counts and responses to two vaccine doses in PLWH. These results indicate that PLWH with well-controlled viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts in a healthy range generally mount strong initial humoral responses to dual COVID-19 vaccination. Factors including age, co-morbidities, vaccine brand, response durability and the rise of new SARS-CoV-2 variants will influence when PLWH will benefit from additional doses. Further studies of PLWH who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment or who have low CD4+ T-cell counts are needed, as are longer-term assessments of response durability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy

et al. 2022

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“…The evidence regarding the association between BMI and vaccine‐induced antibody titers is limited and inconsistent ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). Given the sex difference in the distribution and function of adipocytes ( 8 ), the inconsistency among previous studies could be ascribed, at least in part, to the lack of consideration of sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence regarding the association between BMI and vaccine-induced antibody titers is limited and inconsistent (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐associated differences between BMI and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers following the BNT162b2 vaccine

Yamamoto

Mizoue

Tanaka

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Objective: This study investigated the sex-associated difference in the impact of obesity on antibody response to a COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This study included 2,435 health care workers who received two doses of the BioNTech, Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccine and participated in a serological survey, during which they were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies and asked for information on height, weight, and vaccination history via a questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibodies for each sex and BMI category. Results:The relationship between BMI and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers markedly differed by sex (p value for interaction = 0.04). Spike IgG antibody titers tended to decrease with increasing BMI in men (p value for trend = 0.03); GMT (95% CI) were 6,093 (4,874-7,618) and 4,655 (3,795-5,708) for BMI < 18.5 and ≥30 kg/m 2 , respectively. In contrast, spike IgG antibody titers did not significantly differ across BMI categories in women (p value for for trend = 0.62); GMT (95% CI) were 6,171 (5,714-6,665) and 5,506 (4,404-6,883) for BMI <18.5 and ≥30, respectively. Conclusions: Higher BMI was associated with lower titers of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in men, but not in women, suggesting the need for careful monitoring of vaccine efficacy in men with obesity, who are at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.

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“…A systematic review of eight (observational, case–control, and cross-sectional) studies reported a consistently lower antibody titer or seropositivity of COVID-19 vaccines that was associated with diabetes or poor diabetes control [ 9 ]. Subsequently, studies in Kuwait [ 10 ] and Japan [ 11 ] also reported lower concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody in patients with diabetes [ 10 , 11 ], whereas another Japanese study reported no significant association [ 12 ]. Most of these studies assessed diabetes based on participants’ self-report [ 9 , 10 , 12 ], which may miss undiagnosed diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers after the BNT162b2 Vaccine among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Japan

et al. 2022

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Background: Hyperglycemia can alter the activation of innate and acquired immunity, but epidemiological evidence linking hyperglycemia to post-vaccination immunogenicity is limited. Objective: To examine the association between SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers after the COVID-19 vaccine and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes. Methods: Participants were 953 health care workers aged 21–75 years who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies and underwent a health checkup two months after their second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. IFG was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of 100–125 mg/dL, and diabetes was defined as an FPG level ≥126 mg/dL or being under medical care for diabetes. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate the ratio of the mean. Result: Spike IgG antibody titers were lower in the presence of hyperglycemia; the ratios of the means (95% CI) were 1.00, 0.79 (0.60–1.04), and 0.60 (0.42–0.87) for individuals with normoglycemia, IFG, and diabetes, respectively (p trend < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that IgG spike antibody titers decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of FPG. Conclusion: Diabetes and, to a lesser extent, IFG may be associated with poor humoral immune response after BNT162b2 vaccination.

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The evaluation of factors affecting antibody response after administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine: a prospective study in Japan

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy

Sex‐associated differences between BMI and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers following the BNT162b2 vaccine

Association of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Antibody Titers after the BNT162b2 Vaccine among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Japan

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