The evaluation of critical pressure ratios of sonic nozzles at low Reynolds numbers

Park, K.A; Choi, Yong Moon; Choi, Hae-Man; Cha, T.S; Yoon, Bok-Hyun

doi:10.1016/s0955-5986(00)00040-6

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…If the pressure difference increases further, the flow velocity in the throat remains constant at Mach 1. This is also called a choked condition [11]. When the outlet pressure is below the critical pressure, normal shock waves occur in the pipe, which are generated perpendicular to the flow direction.…”

Section: Valve Flow and Its Quasi-1d Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Internal Aerodynamic Noise in Constriction-Expansion Pipe

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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High-pressure gas is produced during the oil production process at offshore plants, and pressure relief devices, such as valves, are widely used to protect related systems from it. The high-pressure gas in the pipes connected to the flare head is burned at the flare stack, or, if it is nontoxic, is vented to the atmosphere. During this process, excessive noise is generated by the pressure relief valves that are used to quickly discharge the high-pressure gas to the atmosphere. This noise sometimes causes severe acoustic-induced vibration in the pipe wall. This study estimated the internal aerodynamic noise due to valve flow in a simple constriction-expansion pipe, by combining the large eddy simulation technique with a wavenumber-frequency analysis, which made it possible to decompose the fluctuating pressure into the incompressible hydrodynamic pressure and compressible acoustic pressure. First, the steady-state flow was numerically simulated, and the result was compared with a quasi-one-dimensional theoretical solution, which confirmed the validity of the current numerical method. Then, an unsteady simulation analysis was performed to predict the fluctuating pressure inside a pipe. Finally, the acoustic pressure modes in a pipe were extracted by applying the wavenumber-frequency transform to the total pressure field. The results showed that the acoustic pressure fluctuations in a pipe could be separated from the incompressible ones. This made it possible to obtain accurate information about the acoustic power, which could be used to assess the likelihood of a piping system failure due to acoustic-induced vibration, along with information about the acoustic power spectrum of each acoustic mode, which could be used to facilitate the systematic mitigation of the potential acoustic-induced vibration in piping systems.

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Section: Valve Flow and Its Quasi-1d Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Internal Aerodynamic Noise in Constriction-Expansion Pipe

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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“…Combined effects of ", , and Q on the discharge coefficient (C d ) are given in Figure 5 [8], in their experimental work, and Ahmad [5], in his numerical investigation, determined augmented C d with higher in compressible flows. Application of Q decreased the C d , which contributes to Mach number variations with Q (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…assumed that the stagnation conditions of pressure (P 0 ) and temperature (T 0 ) in the storage tank, upstream of the duct, are homogeneous and, as in many numerical work [2,8], the air velocity (U), Mach number (M), static pressure (P), and temperature (T) are considered to be uniform across any section normal to the flow axis.…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ribault and Friedrich [7] numerically handled compressible boundary layers both along adiabatic walls at different Mach numbers and along cooled walls at hypersonic speeds. Effects of the inlet stagnation pressure to back pressure ratio on system discharge coefficient were experimentally studied by Park et al [8], where the discharge coefficients were recorded to drop from 1 to 0.65 for pressure ratios below 1.25. Moreover Paik et al [9] correlated discharge coefficient with Reynolds number and determined the discharge coefficient to increase with Reynolds number, thus in systems with higher mass flow rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonadiabatic and frictional constant area duct flow: A visual software based simulation for compressible systems

Ozalp

2006

Comp Applic In Engineering

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Numerical investigation of compressible flows in constant area ducts becomes substantially complicated when the surface roughness and heat flux conditions simultaneously act as independent and considerable boundary conditions that create significant influences on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. This article presents GAS-DYN v2.0, a specialized software package, capable of handling nonadiabatic and frictional systems with the contribution of a database, developed also by the author, which involves the real time temperature-dependent gas properties. Results of the presented computational analysis are in harmony with the available literature, which not only indicates the reliability of the package but also points out its adaptability to MSc and PhD level research studies and for the compressible flow system design projects.

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“…When the velocity of the fluid reaches the local speed of sound, it is considered choked, sonic or critical [14]. Once the flow has reached the critical state, increasing the differential pressure will not affect the fluid flow rate [20]. Several components are important to a sonic device metering system; upstream and downstream piping, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and flow computers [7,15].…”

Section: Sonic Nozzle Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Measurement and Control in Gas Pipeline System using Intelligent Sonic Nozzle Sensor

Guemana¹,

Aissani²,

Hafaifa³

2011

SIC

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Abstract:In industrials sector, many engineering applications used the intelligent techniques to savings on maintenance costs. In this work, we discuss a new intelligent measurement technique of gas flow, in industrials compressions systems, using a sonic nozzle sensor, and we examine the performance of the calibration and measurement of gas flow used in the transport of high volume of natural gas pipeline system. We propose the development of this approach and we discuss the feasibility and validity of this intelligent sensor in real plant. This work demonstrates that sonic nozzles can be operated successfully as a prover for natural gas and for the critical flow in nozzles for unprocessed natural gas.

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The evaluation of critical pressure ratios of sonic nozzles at low Reynolds numbers

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Internal Aerodynamic Noise in Constriction-Expansion Pipe

Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of Internal Aerodynamic Noise in Constriction-Expansion Pipe

Nonadiabatic and frictional constant area duct flow: A visual software based simulation for compressible systems

Flow Measurement and Control in Gas Pipeline System using Intelligent Sonic Nozzle Sensor

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