The Evaluation of Congestion in Pedestrian Space With Space-Time Diagram Model

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pedestrian space with time series interfe 血 hg area model ， The m ( xlel Ulustrates the interferenc ． e． of pedestrian ' s area in tle severa1 directions ， Andtbe cooldinates Qfpedestria 皿s are sensedand usgd fbr ev 衄uatio 亘 ofthe spa ， Pedesthan movement was reoorded by the VCR camera and σoded in ( lividual frames at sampling intervals of O． 5 seconds ． The reoords were pK オ te焔 舳 c ( 油 rected fbr eshortened persp tive． Then 血 e coordinates of pedestrians in each ． 餓 ne were calculated ． The pedestdan area is defined as the circle Og meters in diameter in which pedesUian can av oid and pass others． When someone approaches ang 血 r iR pedes 樋 an area ， 血 e conflict between t加o pedestrians occurs ． The te " interfering load 伽 1 can be definnOd as a lo皐d wh 亘 ch pedestdans 嘸 in such a situa 恒on ． There are two typに s of 加 terfqring load ， One is a load between pedes加 a 血 s 海 the same direction and the o 血 er is a load between pedestrians in the opp く )site direction ， W60nly oonce 皿 ed with 廿Le Inteばe 血且 琴 Ioad 脚 tween bidilectional pedestdan 臥 because monodirectional pedes 面 ans reduce their ／ walking load by fomi血 g groUpS in th6 same direction ， The 「 「 time Series ． interfer 血 g area m 呻 1 「 「 desc曲 es the load be重 ／ ween pedestrians in the several directionS ． This m ( xlers advan − tage is as fbllows ； ( 1)The charac 【 eristics of pedestrian 10ads in ． a ， time series are grasped and comprehended with it ． ( 2)As the oQnges 蟻on in the observation aK 珍 in a time sedes is observed ， and ' the area is cvaluated particularly ． ( 3)The situations of intersecting Pedestrians in the several directionS are grasped ．

Proposal of a classification method for public space usage based on pedestrian trajectory data

“…Studies classified under Category (1) focus on topics such as behaviors, for example avoidance and interaction of individual pedestrians in various scales from laboratories/living rooms to urban spaces, [3][4][5][6][7] spatial perception and behavioral characteristics of visually impaired people, 8,9 and behavioral characteristics of pedestrian groups 10 and crowds. [11][12][13][14] These studies mainly aim to apply actual measurement results to the estimation of behavioral models, [15][16][17][18][19] improvement of pedestrian simulations, 15,20,21 marketing, 22 security, 23 and mobility support for disabled individuals. [24][25][26][27][28] Research classified under Category (2), on an architectural scale involves those on fire prevention equipment, 29 design guidelines for corridor spaces, [30][31][32] and exhibitions and mobility in museums.…”

A Study on Understanding Pedestrian Flow Using Intermittent Recording Images (PIRI)

“…Characteristics of the PIRI were verified using the time-space interfering area model *1 described in the research of Sano 6) . The time series pedestrian territory model *2 and the time series interfering area model *3 were created based on the pedestrian flows observed in Section 1 of Chapter 3 as follows:…”

A Study on the Evaluation Method for Local Congestion in Pedestrian Spaces Using the Traj-Scalar Model

“…1) Duration of interference of territory occurs 2) Increase or decrease in walking speed 3) Disturbance of the walking trajectory 4) Minimum distance in interference of pedestrian territory Takayanagi 5) and Sano 6) studied the results of this definition. Over 1.20 persons/sq.…”

“…Takayanagi 5) revealed that the non-stable small group phenomenon has been shown to occur in crowd density of 1.20 persons/ sq. m. Sano 6) classified loads of pedestrian flow, by identifying this small group phenomenon and thus indicates the criteria of comfortability of walking from a more microscopic viewpoint than before. These evaluation methods have indeed been established, but this paper shows an evaluation method reflected in space.…”