The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies in healthy population in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a population-based study

Le, Tuan Van; Nguyen, Van Thi Tuyet; Nguyen, Quan; Nguyen, Tram; Duong, Thuy Thi Ngoc; Ly, Trang Thi Thuy; Pham, Thanh Ngoc; Nguyen, Vuong Loc; Vien, Chien Chinh

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.03.019

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another finding of this cross-sectional seroprevalence study (secondary analysis data) was the significant differences in antibody levels between the age cohorts when comparing the younger (30-49 years) to the older (60-80 years) participants. A study in Vietnam found significant variation between the age groups of 21-30 and 31-40 compared to the age group of 60+ years (p < 0.05) [35]. In countries where routine vaccination rates are low, diphtheria is nevertheless endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity Status among Greek Adults: Results from a Nationwide Seroprevalence Study

Papagiannis,

Thireos,

Mariolis

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Diphtheria and tetanus could lead to serious morbidity. We aimed to evaluate immunity levels by measuring specific IgG antibodies for diphtheria and tetanus in serum samples from a nationally expanded sample of the Greek population. A geographically stratified sampling approach based on regional units (NUTS level 2) was applied by considering variables such as age group (30–80+) and sex. In total, 1201 persons (47.7% males and 52.3% females) participated in the survey. Bivariate analysis revealed a negative relationship between diphtheria and tetanus median antibody titers and age. The overall seropositivity rate for diphtheria IgG antibodies (≥0.10 IU/mL) was estimated at 31.5%. Regarding tetanus, the total seropositivity rate was estimated at 59.5% (tetanus IgG antibodies ≥0.10 IU/mL). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age groups <40 years and 40–59 years were independently associated with tetanus seropositivity. Logistic regression also revealed that male sex and being aged 60–69 years were independent risk factors for diphtheria-related seropositivity. Lastly, being resident of some regions was an independent risk factor for both diphtheria- and tetanus-related seropositivity. The present study shows that Greek adults are still not completely immune to diphtheria and tetanus. It is likely possible to achieve optimal immunization coverage by implementing serviceable public health initiatives after comprehending real community needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity Status among Greek Adults: Results from a Nationwide Seroprevalence Study

Papagiannis,

Thireos,

Mariolis

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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“…The immunization can trigger an immune response and the formation of human antibodies as protection against diphtheria which is mainly mediated by binding to the B subunit. Mutations and changes in the genetic structure of tox B allow the failure to recognize antibodies that cause diphtheria infection to persist even after vaccination (13)(14)(15). Mutations in the tox B gene can prevent the antitoxin from attaching and lead to failure of the neutralisation process, with eventual cell damage (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of diphtheria tox B to evaluate vaccine efficacy in Indonesia

Rosana

Lusiana

Yasmon

2022

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Blocking the attachment of diphtheria toxins to host cells through the intact receptor binding site (tox B) was the initial mechanism of action of the diphtheria vaccine. Diphtheria outbreaks in populations with good vaccination coverage can be caused by mutations or changes in the genetic structure of the tox B protein. The aim of this study was to characterize the Tox B protein produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from 2018 to 2019 in patients in Jakarta who had already received the diphtheria vaccine. Materials and Methods: Of the 89 throat swab specimens of patients with a clinical diagnosis of diphtheria, 10 were posi- tive for diphtheria and toxin. PCR was used to amplify the tox B DNA fragment in the 10 positive isolates. DNA sequencing was conducted with overlapping primers and the DNA sequences were analysed by using SeqScape V2.7. Results: Of the 10 isolates, nine isolate showed a DNA mutation (G30A), but the mutation did not change the amino acid encoding arginin (silent mutation). Our findings indicate that the efficacy of the diphtheria vaccine used in Indonesia has not decreased because of mutations in the tox B genes not change the amino acid. Conclusion: Overall, there are no amino acid changes in the tox B protein, indicating that the outbreaks are not affected by mutation in tox B. Another possible mechanism – overexpression of the toxin – is likely responsible for causing diphtheria in patients who have a complete history of immunization in Indonesia.

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Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam’s South-central coast: a cross-sectional study

Le,

Do,

Dao

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Diphtheria is a re-emerging infectious disease and public health concern worldwide and in Vietnam with increasing cases in recent years. This study aimed to assess the anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies status in Khanh Hoa Province and identify factors contributing to the vaccination policy in the south-central coast of Vietnam. Methods This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies among 1,195 participants, aged 5 – 40 years in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against diphtheria were detected using a commercial anti-diphtheria toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SERION ELISA classic Diphtheria Immunoglobulin G) and were categorized following the World Health Organization guidelines. Results The mean anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were 0.07 IU/ml (95% Confidence Interval: 0.07–0.08). Anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were found to be associated with age and history of diphtheria vaccination. The 5–15 years age group had the highest levels (0.09 IU/ml), while the older age group had the lowest antibody level (p < 0.001). Individuals who received three doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.35 – 4.07) or 4+ doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.29 – 4.64) had a higher antibody level compared to those who received only one dose regardless of age. Conclusion It is crucial to promote routine vaccination coverage to over 95% for children under one year of age with three primary doses of the diphtheria-containing vaccine, including additional doses at 18 months and 7 years of age. Booster doses should be promoted and administered to adolescents and adults every 10 years.

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The evaluation of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies in healthy population in Kon Tum, Vietnam: a population-based study

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity Status among Greek Adults: Results from a Nationwide Seroprevalence Study

Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunity Status among Greek Adults: Results from a Nationwide Seroprevalence Study

Genetic characterization of diphtheria tox B to evaluate vaccine efficacy in Indonesia

Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam’s South-central coast: a cross-sectional study

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