The evaluation of analgesic effects of milnacipran and sertraline in tail-flick test

Abstract

Introduction: Antidepressant drugs are used in the treatment of pain as an adjuvant or alone. It has been shown that antidepressant drugs have analgesic effects in various diseases (diabetic neuropathy, low back pain, cancer pain etc.) Sertraline is a potent serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. Some antidepressant drugs inhibited both of the reuptake of serotonin and of noradrenaline. These drugs are called serotonin-noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Milnacipran is a serotonin-noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor. We have studied the analgesic effects of sertraline and milnacipran after acute and chronic application in tail-fl ick test in mice. Methods: The analgesic effects of milnacipran (10, 30, 50 mg/kg) and sertraline (10, 20, 50 mg/kg) were measured after acute and chronic application in tail fl ick test. The analgesic effects of milnacipran (30 mg/kg) or sertraline (50 mg/kg) were evaluated after the application of L-NAME (10 mg/kg), naloxone (5 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) in tail fl ick test. Results: Milnacipran (30 mg/kg) and sertraline (50 mg/kg) produced statistically signifi cant analgesic effect compared to their control values after acute and chronic application in tail-fl ick test. The analgesic effects of both milnacipran (30 mg/kg) and sertraline (50 mg/kg) in the presence of L-NAME (10 mg/kg), naloxone (5 mg/kg), ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) and prazosin (1 mg/kg) were inhibited in tail-fl ick test. Conclusion: These results indicate that the analgesic effects of milnacipran and sertraline are related to nitrergic, opioidergic, serotonergic and adrenergic system (Fig. 8, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

Are perioperative therapeutic doses of statins associated with postoperative pain and opioid consumption after hip surgery under spinal anaesthesia?

“…14 16-19 Acute and chronic administration of simvastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin also exhibited analgesic effects in mice subjected to the hot plate test. 15 16 Dwajani and colleagues 15 evaluated the analgesic effects of statins in mice subject to a variety of pain models, including tail clip, Eddy's hot plate, and hot water immersion and reported that the analgesic effect of statins is comparable with that of tramadol but at doses of 10 mg kg À1 . The reported analgesic effect of statins in animal studies was detectable only at high concentrations, ranging from 5 mg kg À1 to 300 mg kg À1 .…”

Neurovascular Unit in Chronic Pain

“…An analgesic effect was revealed by hot-plate test for some statins [217]. Preclinical tests have been performed to evaluate statin efficacy in neuropathic pain.…”

Systemic and local anti‐nociceptive effects of simvastatin in the rat formalin assay: Role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and nitric oxide

“…Statin drugs have been recently applied in clinic to manage dementia, cerebral stroke, cancer (Raja and Dreyfus, ) and inflammatory disorders (Miranda et al, ; Yin et al, ). Moreover, the anti‐nociceptive and anti‐inflammatory effects of these compounds have been evidenced in several studies (Garcia et al, ; Kesim et al, ). In this study, it was shown that the systemic administration of simvastatin produced a clear dose‐dependent anti‐nociceptive effect during both phases of the formalin assay.…”