The Evaluation of Aluminum Oxide Crystal Microdermabrasion for Photodamage

Tan, Mei‐Heng; Spencer, James M.; PIRES, LUCIANE MONTEIRO; Ajmeri, Jyotendra; Skover, Greg R.

doi:10.1097/00042728-200111000-00006

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In monkeys, 10 passes of microdermabrasion caused thinning of stratum corneum that rarely led to full-thickness stratum corneum removal. This observation is consistent with other reports in humans under conditions representative of conventional cosmetic microdermabrasion (Tan et al, 2001, Karimipour et al, 2005), which typically involves just a few passes (Spencer, 2005), although variations in vacuum pressure, microdermabrasion devices and tip designs, speed of tip movement and device operators complicate direct comparisons. We have also looked at the effect of larger numbers of passes and have shown that selective full-thickness removal of stratum corneum can be achieved at both 30 and 50 passes at the conditions used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The few studies that have done histologic evaluation of skin after microdermabrasion have reported thinning of stratum corneum at the specific conditions tested (Tan et al, 2001, Shim et al, 2001). The present study showed for the first time that microdermabrasion can cause a range of skin tissue removal effects, including selective removal of full-thickness stratum corneum at some conditions and removal of the viable epidermis or formation of micro-blisters at other conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective removal of stratum corneum by microdermabrasion to increase skin permeability

Gill

Andrews

Sakthivel

et al. 2009

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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This study sought to determine if microdermabrasion can selectively remove stratum corneum to increase skin permeability. Although, microdermabrasion has been used for cosmetic treatment of skin for decades, no study has assessed the detailed effects of microdermabrasion conditions on the degree of skin tissue removal. Therefore, we histologically characterized the skin of rhesus macaques and human volunteers after microdermabrasion at different conditions. Using mobile tip microdermabrasion, an increase in the number of treatment passes led to greater tissue removal ranging from minimal effects to extensive damage to deeper layers of the skin. Of note, these data showed for the first time that at moderate microdermabrasion conditions selective yet full-thickness removal of stratum corneum could be achieved with little damage to deeper skin tissues. In the stationary mode of microdermabrasion, selective stratum corneum removal was not observed, but micro-blisters could be seen. Similar tissue removal trends were observed in human volunteers. As proof of concept for drug delivery applications, a model fluorescent drug (fluorescein) was delivered through microdermabraded skin and antibodies were generated against vaccinia virus after its topical application in monkeys. In conclusion, microdermabrasion can selectively remove full-thickness stratum corneum with little damage to deeper tissues and thereby increase skin permeability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective removal of stratum corneum by microdermabrasion to increase skin permeability

Gill

Andrews

Sakthivel

et al. 2009

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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show abstract

“…42 Numerous studies have shown improved texture and fine wrinkles of the skin following microdermabrasion treatment. 43,44,45 Whereas several studies have demonstrated objective changes following microdermabrasion including decrease in surface sebum content, flattening of skin wrinkles, and retention of water in the stratum corneum, most of these were transient changes lasting about 1 week posttreatment. 45,46 …”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

29 Dermabrasion and Microdermabrasion: Rationale, Application, Safety Concerns, and Complications

Truswell¹

2016

Lasers and Light, Peels and Abrasions

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The history of dermabrasion dates back to 1550 BC when Egyptian physicians used alabaster and pumice to smooth scars and skin blemishes. 1 They recognized that producing partial-thickness abrasion improved the appearance of skin. Modern era dermabrasion was pioneered in 1905 by Kromayer. 2 In 1953, Kurtin refined the dermabrasion technique with modified, powered dental equipment using topical refrigerants and a wire brush. 3 There are three main modalities for skin resurfacing: chemical peel, laser resurfacing, and mechanical dermabrasion. The contemporary trend favors the use of the laser-resurfacing technique. Many clinicians feel that laser resurfacing allows for more controlled thermal injury and more consistent outcomes with less operator-dependent variability. Whereas the newest laser technology has significantly reduced risk associated with thermal injury to surrounding tissues, in experienced hands, dermabrasion provides great manual control to the depth of destruction without spreading the thermal injury to deeper layers of the skin. MechanismThere are five layers of epidermis: stratum corneum at the surface followed by lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basalis. The thickness of epidermis varies depending on age of the patient and location of the skin. Average thickness of facial skin epidermis is approximately 100 µm thick, although at the eyelids it may be only 50 µm thick. 4 Four major cell types are found in the epidermis, including keratinocytes (80%), melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. In the basalis layer, melanocytes generate skin pigmentation through the actions of the tyrosinase enzyme. 5 The rete ridges are projections of the epidermis into the dermis that help increase the surface area of contact between the two interfaces. In both processes of aging and scar formation, histological changes observed include loss of elastic fiber, atrophy of collagen bundles, and flattening of rete ridges. 6,7 The dermis consists of papillary and reticular layers. The papillary layer is located below the basement membrane and contains mostly loose collagen and fibrocytes. The reticular layer contains thicker, compact collagen, and the adnexal structures of the skin such as sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands. On the hairless part of the face, such as the nose, the sebaceous unit is the predominant adnexal structure. Within the adnexal structures are the epithelial stem cells capable of differentiation and re-epithelialization. 8 The goal of dermabrasion is to mechanically remove the epidermis while preserving the adnexal structures (▶ Fig. 29.1). This is accomplished with the use of a motorized handpiece and a rotating tip composed of either a wire brush or diamond particle-coated fraise (▶ Fig. 29.2). The depth of injury is controlled by the surgeon carefully abrading the skin to the desired layer (▶ Fig. 29.2). Controlled injury to the epidermis and papillary dermis heals without scarring; however, if the injury penetrates deep into the reticular dermis where the adnexal struct...

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“…101 Crystal-free procedures involve diamond-tipped devices that are easier to use, neater and cause less pain. 104,105 Mild oedema and erythema are common immediately following treatment but usually subside within 48 h. Tiger stripes may appear on fair or sensitive skin. As with other cutaneous resurfacing techniques, surface trauma initiates the healing process, in which fibroblasts rush to produce new collagen, leading to smooth skin that looks fresh and robust.…”

Section: Microdermabrasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐operative facial rejuvenation

Carruthers

2015

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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The Evaluation of Aluminum Oxide Crystal Microdermabrasion for Photodamage

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Selective removal of stratum corneum by microdermabrasion to increase skin permeability

Selective removal of stratum corneum by microdermabrasion to increase skin permeability

29 Dermabrasion and Microdermabrasion: Rationale, Application, Safety Concerns, and Complications

Non‐operative facial rejuvenation

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