The evaluation of acute, sub-acute toxicity and safety of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Putranjiva roxburghii in rat

Abstract

Putranjiva rouxburghii is an herbal plant that has been used to improve female reproductive health in ancient Indian ayurveda based medicinal system. Despite the widespread use, no scientific evidence is available to support its safety. In this study, we evaluated the acute and sub acute toxicity of P. roxburghii hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts in rat animal model. In acute toxicity, healthy rats were given 2000mg/kg body weight of P.roxburghii leaf extract for 14 days. In a sub acute toxicity experiment, healthy rats were divided into four groups and group A was given plane water whereas, group B, C and D was given 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight leaf extract for 28 days. At intervals of 7 days, bodyweight, feed consumption, water intake, biochemical, pathological and molecular parameters were evaluated. The dose 2000mg/kg bodyweight used in acute toxicity study showed there were no clinical signs of toxicity. The LD50 of the P.roxburghii extract was anticipated to be above 2000mg/kg. All experimental groups had no significant differences (P<0.05) in body weight changes, feed consumption, or water intake. The biochemical parameters results showed no significant differences between the experimental groups. The organ tissues were examined grossly and histopathological study, there were no significant difference found between untreated and test rats. Our in-vitro study suggest that P.roxburghii leaf extract exerts pro-apoptotic effect on endometrial primary cells which further confirmed by AO/PI staining. It is concluded that hydro-alcoholic extracts of P.roxburghii leaf are potentially safe and may use for the cure of reproductive disorders.