“…Despite the term being used in a variety of ways (see Featherstone, 2003;Olsen, 2002), it is taken here to mean 'the domestic adaptation to European regional integration' (Vink and Graziano, 2007: 7). While the main focus of Europeanization studies has been on the adaptation of national polities, policies and politics, several scholars have applied the concept to the subnational level (for example Barbehön, 2015;Benz and Eberlein, 1999;de Rooij, 2002;Goldsmith, 1993Goldsmith, , 2003Goldsmith, , 2011Hamedinger and Wolffhardt, 2010;John, 2000John, , 2001Kern and Bulkeley, 2009;Kettunen and Kungla, 2005;Marshall, 2005Marshall, , 2006Murphy, 2007, Oikonomou, 2016Pflieger, 2014;Van Bever et al, 2011). The presence of Europeanization processes at the subnational level has been confirmed in comparative studies (for example Goldsmith and Klausen 1997;Denters and Rose, 2005;John, 2001;Le Galès, 2002).…”