The European Smoking prevention Framework Approach (EFSA): an example of integral prevention

Abstract

A smoking prevention project in six European countries (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) was developed, featuring activities for adolescents, schools and parents, including out-of-school activities. Consensus meetings resulted in agreement between the countries on goals, objectives and theoretical methods. Countries' specific objectives were also included. National diversities required country-specific methods to realize the goals and objectives. The community intervention trial was used as the research design. Since interventions took place at the community level, communities or regions were allocated at random to the experimental or control conditions. Complete randomization was achieved in four countries. At baseline, smoking prevalence among 23 125 adolescents at the start of the project was 5.6% for regular smoking and 4.0% for daily smoking. Smoking prevalence rates were higher among girls than boys in all countries as far as weekly smoking was concerned. Process evaluations revealed that the project's ambitions were high, but were limited by various constraints including time and delays in receiving funds. Future smoking prevention projects should aim to identify the effective components within the social influence approach as well as within broader approaches and on reaching sustained effects.

Personal Informatics, Self-Insight, and Behavior Change: A Critical Review of Current Literature

“…The TTM is well suited to application to PI and the self-improvement hypothesis because it deals with sustained behavior change: change as a long-term process of preparation, change, and subsequent maintenance of new behavior(s). In addition, many of the concepts and ideas from the TTM are shared by a variety of other behavior (change) models, like the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985), the health belief model (Rosenstock, 1974), and various others (Bagozzi, 2000;Bandura, 1977Bandura, , 1991De Vries et al, 2003;Fishbein, 2000;Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2014;Klein, Mogles, & Van Wissen, 2011;Kluger & DeNisi, 1998;Maes & Gebhardt, 2000;Rogers, 1975;Ryan, 2009;Schwarzer, 2008;Witte, 1992). For these reasons, we use the TTM as a starting point in our discussion of existing behavior change models and how they compare to the self-improvement hypothesis.…”

“…Awareness can be triggered by knowledge (e.g., about problematic behavior, likely outcomes and possible alternative behaviors; De Vries et al, 2003) and cues that make the goal of behavior change more salient (e.g., an acquaintance having a heart attack; De Vries et al, 2003;Klein et al, 2011).…”

“…Originally proposed by Bandura (1977), selfefficacy and similar concepts like "perceived behavioral control" and "perceived competence" are now incorporated in many theories of behavior and behavior change (e.g. Bagozzi, 2000;De Vries et al, 2003;Fishbein, 2000;Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2014;Klein et al, 2011;Maes & Gebhardt, 2000;Rogers, 1975;Ryan, 2009;Schwarzer, 2008).…”

Is it cost‐effective to provide internet‐based interventions to complement the current provision of smoking cessation services in the Netherlands? An analysis based on the EQUIPTMOD

“…The five included interventions on the effectiveness or cost‐effectiveness of on‐line smoking cessation interventions were similar 15, 17, 24; all were computer‐tailored interventions and based on the Integrated Change (I‐Change) model 15, 26, 27, 28. As described in a recent systematic review in the Netherlands, all Dutch internet‐based smoking cessation interventions (with a follow‐up of 12 months) were shown to be effective and incorporated messages tailored to the individual 25.…”

Process Evaluation of the First Computer Tailored Program for Smoking Cessation among Romanian Smokers

“…The tailored intervention was based on previously developed computer-tailored smoking cessation interventions (Diskstra et al, 1998;Te Poel et al, 2009;Smit et al, 2012) while the I-Change model served as the theoretical framework (De Vries et al, 2003). A library with messages which might be needed was created.…”