The European road safety decision support system on risks and measures

Martensen, Heike; Diependaele, Kevin; Daniëls, Stijn; Berghe, Wouter Van den; Papadimitriou, Eleonora; Yannis, George; Schagen, Ingrid van; Weijermars, Wendy; Wijnen, Wim; Filtness, Ashleigh J.; Talbot, Rachel; Thomas, Pete; Machata, Klaus; Breuss, Eva Aigner; Kaiser, Stephan; Hermitte, Thierry; Thomson, Robert; Elvik, Rune

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.08.005

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As described in the European Road Safety Decision Support System on Risks and Measures, the first stage in developing an evidence-based road-crash countermeasure program should be to identify risky exposures (e.g. Martensen et al, 2019). That approach is reflected in the third, fourth and fifth levels of the hierarchy.…”

Section: Types Of Evidence For the Risks Of Drug Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of being culpable for or involved in a road crash after using cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analyses

White

Burns

2021

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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Background The development of drug driving policies should rest on sound epidemiological evidence as to the crash risks of driving after using psychoactive drugs. The findings from individual studies of the increased risk of crashing from the acute use of cannabis range in size from no increase (and perhaps even a protective effect) to a 10-fold increase. Coherent cannabis-driving policies cannot readily be developed from such an incoherent evidence base. A weighted average measure of risk, as provided by a meta-analysis, might be useful. However, if the range of risks found in the cannabis-crash studies reflects the different ways that a variety of biases are being expressed, then the simple application of a meta-analysis might provide little more than an average measure of bias. In other words, if the biases were predominantly inflationary, the meta-analysis would give an inflated estimate of crash risk; and if the biases were predominantly deflationary, the meta-analysis would give a deflated estimate of risk. Review We undertook a systematic search of electronic databases, and identified 13 culpability studies and 4 case–control studies from which cannabis-crash odds ratios could be extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses gave summary odds ratios of 1.37 (1.10–1.69) for the culpability studies and 1.45 (0.94–2.25) for the case–control studies. A tool was designed to identify and score biases arising from: confounding by uncontrolled covariates; inappropriate selection of cases and controls; and the inappropriate measurement of the exposure and outcome variables. Each study was scrutinised for the presence of those biases, and given a total ‘directional bias score’. Most of the biases were inflationary. A meta-regression against the total directional bias scores was performed for the culpability studies, giving a bias-adjusted summary odds ratio of 0.68 (0.45–1.05). The same analysis could not be performed for the case–control studies because there were only four such studies. Nonetheless, a monotonic relationship was found between the total bias scores and the cannabis-crash odds ratios, with Spearman's rho = 0.95, p = 0.05, indicating that the summary odds ratio of 1.45 is an overestimate. It is evident that the risks from driving after using cannabis are much lower than from other behaviours such as drink-driving, speeding or using mobile phones while driving. With the medical and recreational use of cannabis becoming more prevalent, the removal of cannabis-presence driving offences should be considered (while impairment-based offences would remain).

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Section: Types Of Evidence For the Risks Of Drug Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of being culpable for or involved in a road crash after using cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analyses

White

Burns

2021

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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“…A recent European effort led to the development of the European Road Safety Decision Support System on Risks and Measures. In Martensen et al (2019) the scientific basis of this Decision Support System (DSS) is presented. This online tool provides evidence on a broad range of road risks and countermeasures and links them together and provides economic efficiency evaluation.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Special issue on road safety and simulation 2017

Farah

Hagenzieker

Brijs

2021

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Existing findings tend to be inconsistent, possibly due to the different definitions, such as for speed variations and crash type consideration or different modelling and data aggregation approaches [18]. Besides, several review articles have also been published [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, none have focused on the different selection of variables and measures used to explore the speed risk factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed related variables for crash injury risk analysis: what has been used?

Torrão

2021

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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Speed is a major risk factor in overall road safety performance. The objective of this study was to identify the most frequent explanatory variables and measures used to investigate the speed factor contribution to crash injury risk (CIR). For this purpose, a literature oriented approach was used. The analysis review, underpinned by data collected from 64 journal publications reported over the past 21 years shows that speed limit was the most frequently used variable selected by the authors to investigate speed contribution CIR. Following, speed delta-V was the second most used variable, despite the barriers to access in-depth crash quality data. Even so, the speed limit was used 3.5 times more than delta-V, possibly due to the facilitate accessibility to the roads standardize posted speed limits. However, it is unknown how much vehicles travel speed could deviate from the posted speed limit at the moment of the crash.

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The European road safety decision support system on risks and measures

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

The risk of being culpable for or involved in a road crash after using cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analyses

The risk of being culpable for or involved in a road crash after using cannabis: A systematic review and meta-analyses

Special issue on road safety and simulation 2017

Speed related variables for crash injury risk analysis: what has been used?

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