The European Community and the Requirement of a Republican Form of Government

Frowein, Jochen Abr.

doi:10.2307/1288480

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This purported democratic tradition served as a cognitive prior from which a democratic identity of the EC could be constructed (Frowein 1984(Frowein , 1311(Frowein -1312Thomas 2017, 223-224). While some member state governments had initially supported the Spanish initiative, it became increasingly obvious that admitting an autocratic state would contravene tacit assumptions about the EC's identity, even though it had not formally violated any membership conditions.…”

Section: Admitting Spain and Greece Into The Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the European Commission delivered a second opinion on Greek accession, it adopted this wording and justified it by emphasizing that Bthe principles of pluralist democracy and respect for human rights form part of the common heritage of the peoples of the States brought together in the European Communities^(European Commission 1979). Subsequent EC documents continued along this incremental path of explicating and formalizing the requirement of democratic government, culminating in the Copenhagen criteria, which explicitly count liberal democratic institutions among the membership conditions (Frowein 1984(Frowein , 1316(Frowein -1318. While it transformed the internal identity of the EC, the formalization of the standard of membership to include democratic principles and the subsequent institutionalization practices also exerted a strong disciplining power upon potential new members, thus echoing the logic of the original standard of civilization in the nineteenth century with its intrusive logic.…”

Section: Admitting Spain and Greece Into The Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional standards of membership and enlargement in the EU and ASEAN

Spandler

2018

Asia Eur J

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For regional organizations (ROs) as geographically defined entities, questions of membership often raise moral questions about the very foundations of regional identity. To date, comparative approaches to the role of norms in the politics of RO enlargement are a missing piece in the regionalism literature. This paper assumes that enlargement practices are shaped by discourses about legitimate actorness. Drawing on the concept of Bstandards of civilization,^I argue that prospective RO members are judged against a set of norms-the standard of membership-which constitute basic ideas about the identity of the regional international society. As evidence from the Spanish and Greek accession to the European Community and the accession of Myanmar and Cambodia to ASEAN shows, this standard is not a static catalogue of cultural values, as existing accounts suggest, but develops in response to accession requests which trigger normative crises among the existing member states. In such situations, RO actors may argue for the inclusion of new norms in the standard of membership by drawing on Bcognitive priors^. Enlargement processes thus reveal a dialectical relation between regional norms and boundary-drawing; while a regional standard of membership informs the redefinition of an RO's boundaries, the accession of new candidates also transforms that very standard.

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Section: Admitting Spain and Greece Into The Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Admitting Spain and Greece Into The Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%