The European Arctic: A Laboratory for Seismoacoustic Studies

Gibbons, Steven J.; Асминг, В. Э.; Eliasson, L.; Федоров, А. В.; Fyen, Jan; Kero, Johan; Kozlovskaya, Elena; Kværna, Tormod; Liszka, Ludwik; Näsholm, Sven Peter; Raita, Tero; Roth, Michael; Tiira, Timo; Vinogradov, Yuri

doi:10.1785/0220140230

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Nonlinear and broadband propagation effects can also explain infrasound observations in ray shadow zones in some cases (de Groot‐Hedlin, ). The range of 216 km is short, but not unprecedented, for thermospheric arrivals; thermospheric arrivals at ~200 km have previously been observed (Gibbons et al, ; Reed, ; Whitaker & Mutschlecner, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Local, Regional, and Remote Seismo‐acoustic Observations of the April 2015 VEI 4 Eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

et al. 2018

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The two major explosive phases of the 22–23 April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile, produced powerful seismicity and infrasound. The eruption was recorded on seismo‐acoustic stations out to 1,540 km and on five stations (IS02, IS08, IS09, IS27, and IS49) of the International Monitoring System (IMS) infrasound network at distances from 1,525 to 5,122 km. The remote IMS infrasound stations provide an accurate explosion chronology consistent with the regional and local seismo‐acoustic data and with previous studies of lightning and plume observations. We use the IMS network to detect and locate the eruption signals using a brute‐force, grid‐search, cross‐bearings approach. After incorporating azimuth deviation corrections from stratospheric crosswinds using 3‐D ray tracing, the estimated source location is 172 km from true. This case study highlights the significant capability of the IMS infrasound network to provide automated detection, characterization, and timing estimates of global explosive volcanic activity. Augmenting the IMS with regional seismo‐acoustic networks will dramatically enhance volcanic signal detection, reduce latency, and improve discrimination capability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Local, Regional, and Remote Seismo‐acoustic Observations of the April 2015 VEI 4 Eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

et al. 2018

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“…Another field-data comparison can be found in Gibbons et al (2015). We use the actual vertical particle-velocity recordings from the SPITS array (Fig.…”

Section: Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-correlation beamforming

2016

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An areal distribution of sensors can be used for estimating the direction of incoming waves through beamforming. Beamforming may be implemented as a phase-shifting and stacking of data recorded on the different sensors (i.e., conventional beamforming). Alternatively, beamforming can be applied to cross-correlations between the waveforms on the different sensors. We derive a kernel for beamforming cross-correlated data and call it cross-correlation beamforming (CCBF). We point out that CCBF has slightly better resolution and aliasing characteristics than conventional beamforming. When auto-correlations are added to CCBF, the array response functions are the same as for conventional beamforming. We show numerically that CCBF is more resilient to non-coherent noise. Furthermore, we illustrate that with CCBF individual receiver-pairs can be removed to improve mapping to the slowness domain. An additional flexibility of CCBF is that cross-correlations can be time-windowed prior to beamforming, e.g., to remove the directionality of a scattered wavefield. The observations on synthetic data are confirmed with field data from the SPITS array (Svalbard). Both when beamforming an earthquake arrival and when beamforming ambient noise, CCBF focuses more of the energy to a central beam. Overall, the main advantage of CCBF is noise suppression and its flexibility to remove station pairs that deteriorate the signal-related beampower.Electronic Supplementary MaterialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10950-016-9612-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Values for the arrival of seismic waves are not integrated in Table 1, since the local microbarometer output generated from ground shaking of the sensors is not the focus of this study. Nevertheless, the infrasound sensors do work fairly well as seismic arrays for this event (e.g., see Gibbons et al, 2015b) and the earthquake-related seismic arrivals can clearly be identified in Fig. 2, having back azimuths towards the epicenter and apparent velocities exceeding 1 km s −1 (drawn with dark blue colors in the middle frame plot of each station, indicating seismic and not acoustic signal speeds).…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infrasound and seismoacoustic signatures of the 28 September 2018 Sulawesi super-shear earthquake

Pilger

Gaebler

Ceranna

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. A magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred on 28 September 2018 at 10:02:43 UTC near the city of Palu on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It was a shallow, strike-slip earthquake with a rupture extending to a length of about 150 km and reaching the surface. Moreover, this earthquake was identified as one of very few events having a super-shear rupture speed. Clear and long-lasting infrasound signatures related to this event were observed by four infrasound arrays of the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization as well as by one national infrasound station in Singapore. Although these infrasound stations SING (Singapore), I39PW (Palau), I07AU (Australia), I40PG (Papua New Guinea) and I30JP (Japan) are located at large distances of between 1800 and 4500 km from the earthquake's epicentral region, the observed infrasound signals associated with this event were intense, including both seismic and acoustic arrivals. A detailed study of the event-related infrasound observations and the potential infrasound generation mechanisms is presented, covering range-dependent infrasound transmission loss and propagation modeling and characterization of the atmospheric background conditions, as well as identification of the regions of seismoacoustic activity by applying a back-projection method from the infrasound receivers to potential source regions. This back projection of infrasonic arrivals allows one to estimate that the main infrasound source region for the Sulawesi earthquake is related to the extended rupture zone and the nearby topography. This estimation and a comparison to other super-shear as well as large regional earthquakes identify no clear connection between the earthquake's super-shear nature and the strong infrasound emission.

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The European Arctic: A Laboratory for Seismoacoustic Studies

Cited by 51 publications

References 54 publications

Local, Regional, and Remote Seismo‐acoustic Observations of the April 2015 VEI 4 Eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

Local, Regional, and Remote Seismo‐acoustic Observations of the April 2015 VEI 4 Eruption of Calbuco Volcano, Chile

Cross-correlation beamforming

Infrasound and seismoacoustic signatures of the 28 September 2018 Sulawesi super-shear earthquake

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