The eumelanin and pheomelanin contents in dorsal hairs of female recessive yellow mice are greater than in male

Hirobe, Tomohisa; Wakamatsu, Kazumasa; Ito, Shosuke

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.10.004

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Despite the fact that the C57BL/6 mice we studied are non‐agouti ( a ) and therefore have completely black coats, we found significant concentrations of pheomelanin in the tail skin, an average of 1131 ng/cm 2 . This is much greater than 1‐week‐old C57BL/10 trunk skin, which was previously reported to have 6 ng/cm 2 (Hirobe et al., 2007b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

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Independent regulation of hair and skin color by two G protein‐coupled pathways

Raamsdonk

Barsh

Wakamatsu

et al. 2009

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Hair color and skin color are frequently coordinated in mammalian species. To explore this, we have studied mutations in two different G protein coupled pathways, each of which affects the darkness of both hair and skin color. In each mouse mutant (Gnaq(Dsk1), Gna11(Dsk7), and Mc1r(e)), we analyzed the melanocyte density and the concentrations of eumelanin (black pigment) and pheomelanin (yellow pigment) in the hair or skin to determine the mechanisms regulating pigmentation. Surprisingly, we discovered that each mutation affects hair and skin color differently. Furthermore, we have found that in the epidermis, the melanocortin signaling pathway does not couple the synthesis of eumelanin with pheomelanin, as it does in hair follicles. Even by shared signaling pathways, hair and skin melanocytes are regulated quite independently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…This is what causes the ‘sooty’ phenotype (Burchill et al., 1986; Silvers, 1979). More recently, the dorsal hair of 5‐week‐old female Mc1r e /Mc1r e mutant mice was shown to have 2‐fold more eumelanin and 1.2‐fold more pheomelanin as compared with males (Hirobe et al., 2007b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent regulation of hair and skin color by two G protein‐coupled pathways

Raamsdonk

Barsh

Wakamatsu

et al. 2009

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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“…, 2005). Pigmentation is switched from the production of eumelanin to pheomelanin in recessive yellow ( e/e ) mice, which are homozygous for a loss‐of‐function mutation at the extension ( E ) locus (Hirobe et al. , 2007).…”

Section: Plasma Levels Of 6h5mi2c and 5‐s‐cd In Comparison With Melamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recessive yellow ( e/e ) mice produce pheomelanic pigment in follicular melanocytes in vivo (Table 1). Those mice also show increases in the production of high levels of pheomelanin in the epidermis and dermis as the developmental age advances (Hirobe et al. , 2007).…”

Section: Plasma Levels Of 6h5mi2c and 5‐s‐cd In Comparison With Melamentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of melanin‐related metabolites in plasma from pink‐eyed dilution mice

Wakamatsu

Hirobe

Ito

2007

Pigment Cell Research

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“…In eumelanin concentration, mammal was reported sexual differences in their black hair. Dorsal black hairs (wild type) of female house mice contain 1,600 ng eumelanin/mg of hair, and those of males contain 1,500 ng eumelanin/mg hair [3]. However, melanin concentration of house mice was analyzed by method of KMnO 4 oxidation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Melanin-Based Iridescent Feather Color in the Jungle Crow

Lee

Tanaka

Wakamatsu

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Sexual differences in Japanese Jungle Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) are not obvious because both sexes have black plumage. However, closer examination reveals that their plumage color is not only black; it is also iridescent color. Furthermore, the iridescence is more pronounced in adult males than that in females. The iridescence seems to be related to the density and concentration of melanin granules. The density of melanin granule and the concentration of eumelanin in feathers were significantly higher in males than that in females (P<0.01). However, the amount of pheomelanin was below the detection limits in this study.KEY WORDS: crow, feather color, HPLC, melanin.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 71(9): 1261-1263, 2009 Melanin is the most abundant and widespread pigment in birds. The 2 basic types of melanin pigments are eumelanin and pheomelanin [8]. Black and gray feathers are typically thought to contain mostly eumelanins, whereas earth-toned feathers are dominated by pheomelanins, much like red human hair [1]. The relationship between feather color and melanin pigments has been studied by various researchers. Hasse reported [2] melanin concentrations in wild rock pigeons (Columba livia) and domestic pigeons. McGraw and Wakamatsu measured melanin concentrations of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) feathers color [6], and also reported melanin concentrations in the feathers both sexes of European barn swallows (Hirundo rustica rustica) [7].Although, jungle crows (Corvus macrorhyncho) have melanin-based iridescent black feathers coloration, it's not known as to how much they have the melanin concentration and whether they have sexual differences in the amount of melanin concentration and density. The present study examined whether any sexual differences exist in the feathers of jungle crows, using electron microscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Adult jungle crows of both sexes were captured from January 2005 to November 2006 at Niiza city, with permission of the Saitama prefecture (Permit to capture of wild animals No. 01-02), and kept in a laboratory animal facility. The sex of each bird was confirmed by gonad examination after dissecting. The secondary feathers (the feathers that adhere to the ulna) were removed from each individual under anesthesia with pentobarbital (35mg/kg) and the feathers were washed under running water and stored under dry cool conditions until analysis.First, we used electron microscopy to determine the microstructure of the feather barbules. For this study, five adult males and four adult females were used. We cut the upper 0.5 cm of the barb of 5 barbs from the secondary feathers of each bird. The feather barbs were immersed in 0.1% Tween-20 for 1 hr followed by 0.25 M sodium hydroxide. These barbs were fixed with 1% osmic acid solution for 24 hr after immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 48 hr. They were dehydrated in ethanol (70%, 80% and 90%) and then rinsed in 90% ethanol: 90% acetone (1:1 v/ v), followed by 90, 95 and 100% acetone. They were then immersed ...

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The eumelanin and pheomelanin contents in dorsal hairs of female recessive yellow mice are greater than in male

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Independent regulation of hair and skin color by two G protein‐coupled pathways

Independent regulation of hair and skin color by two G protein‐coupled pathways

High levels of melanin‐related metabolites in plasma from pink‐eyed dilution mice

Melanin-Based Iridescent Feather Color in the Jungle Crow

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